Binomial Nomenclature Scientific Naming Scientific Name Game

Ever hear of E. coli?

•

It is the abbreviated form of the scientific name of Escherichia

coli

•

Tyrannosaurus rex

T. rex. •

Often lazy scientists just abbreviate the Genus with just a letter.

Binomial Nomenclature two terms: the genus and the species

• Example: Common name = sugar pine Scientific name = Pinus lambertiana • ponderosa pine: Pinus ponderosa lodgepole pine: Pinus contorta

Escherichia coli or Escherichia coli

SCIENTIFIC NAME RULES

• Genus is CAPITALIZED (written first) • • Species is lower case Written in Latin • Italicized OR underlined

Carolus Linnaeus: devised the binomial nomenclature system • • Studied medicine Disappointed parents that he did not enter priesthood • Studied plants to make medicines 1707-1778

Where do the names come from?

• • • • • • Often they are Latin words, but they may also come from Ancient Greek : from a place from a person (preferably a naturalist) a name from a local language including inside-jokes and puns Play on words

Some Unusual Names • • • • • •

Crichtonsaurus Dong

- (named after Michael Crichton – author of Jurassic Park)

Lalapa lusa

(tiphiid wasp)

Abra cadabra

(a clam)

Enema pan

(rhinoceros beetle)

Orizabus botox

(wrinkle free scarab beetle)

Cedecea

- (bacterium named after CDC)

Biologists prefer to call organisms • by Their scientific names rather than their common names • No two species have the same scientific name although they may share a common genus. The genus name shows a very close relationship. Felis domestica .....house cat • • • • • Felis leo ............. lion Felis onca ........... jaguar Felis pardalis ....... ocelot Felis concolor ...... mountain lion

TAXONS (units of taxonomy)  Domain  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species

How Can I Remember All Those Names?

•

Kings Play Chess On Fine Glass Sand."

LINNAEAN CLASSIFICATION OF HUMANS Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: sapiens

Bear Taxons

Dichotomous Key • An identification key, also known as a dichotomous key, based on a series of two choices.

• Kinda like a scavenger hunt.

Making a Dichotomous Key

• • "Dichotomous" means "divided into two parts". always give two choices in each step

Divide into YOUR LAB GROUPS You will classify at least 15 LEAVES Tape leaves at the end of the divisions

LEAF ACTIVITY EXAMPLE See there is a leaf at each dead-end.

How might you divide these?

Good Place to Start

ALL LEAVES

broadleaf needles LEAF Tree ID Key (CLICK Here) Tree Key

Tips • • • • • Use measurements rather than terms like "large" and "small“(larger than 6”, smaller than 6”) Make the first choice a positive one something "is" instead of "is not". If possible, start both choices of a pair with the same word. 1. a. wings covered by an exoskeleton b. wings not covered by an exoskeleton

A BRIEF KEY TO SELECTED TREES AND SHRUBS • • • Tree key (Click Here) Identify Tree by Name Key To leaves of Virginia Trees

Common Leaf Descriptions

• • • • • • • LAB VIDEOS (for Shell Classification Lab Fig. 3) http://www.oceanfootage.com/stockfootage/Barnacl e (scroll down) Common lobster - Homarus gammarus - download video 06 – ARKive SERC - Education K12: Blue Crab Food Web Shrimp fiddler crab: Definition from Answers.com

(scroll down) Hermit Crab also type in shrimp + Blue Crab