Transcript ABTP Air Quality Modelling Study

Air Emissions from
Ashbridges Bay Treatment Plant
By
Anthony Ciccone, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Ciara De Jong, MES
Angela Li-Muller, Ph.D.
Mark Rupke, P.Eng.
Diane Michelangeli, Ph.D.
Jean Yves Urbain, P.Eng.
–Golder Associates
–Golder Associates
–Toronto Public Health
–WES
–York University
–Earth Tech
Policy Analysis Tools for Air Quality and Health
19 May 2005
1
Objective of Emission Study

Evaluate the past, current and
future impacts of air emissions
South Riverdale and Beach
Communities
2
Methodology
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Data collection and review
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Plant process information (including previous studies)
Ambient air monitoring data
Meteorological data
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Determine chemicals released
Location of releases
Stack and area characteristics
Mass emissions into air
Develop an air emission inventory
Process meteorological data
Build input data for CALPUFF
Select 17 chemicals for modelling
Model chemical impact on communities
Analyze results
3
The Modelling Process
Emissions
CALMET Predicted
Wind Direction Frequency
Wind Direction Frequency ABTP OnS ite 1996
N
N
12%
NNW
NNW
NNE
10%
NW
NW
NE
8%
6%
WNW
4%
ENE
WNW
E
W
2%
W
0%
WSW
ESE
SW
SE
SSW
16%
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
NNE
NE
ENE
E
WSW
ESE
SW
SE
SSE
SSW
Meteorology
SSE
S
S
CALMET Predicted
Wind S peed (m/s) by Direction
Wind S peed (m/s) by Direction ABTP OnS ite
CALPUFF
Concentrations
N
NNW
20
N
NNE
NNW
15
NW
NE
ENE
NNE
NE
10
WNW
ENE
5
W
20
15
NW
10
WNW
5
0
E
W
0
E
WSW
WSW
ESE
ESE
SW
SW
SE
SSW
SE
SSW
SSE
SSE
S
S
Average
Average
Maximum
M aximum
Receptors
4
ABTP Historical Scenarios
1.
Incinerator was in full operation (pre-1996)
2.
Incinerator was in partial operation (2000-2002)
3.
After incinerator was discontinued (2003-2004)
4.
After incinerator was discontinued and odour control
fully implemented (by 2010)
5
Concept Plan for Key Plant Areas
6
Protocol to Select Chemicals
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Prioritize chemicals
 Ranking
• Method 1a - Calculated Toxicity Equivalent for
Cancer effects
• Method 1b - Calculated Toxicity Equivalent NonCancer effects
• Method 1c - Ranked chemicals based on toxicity,
emissions, persistence, and bioaccumulation
 Select top 25 from rankings
 Above laboratory detection limits
 Important to communities
7
17 Chemicals Modeled
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Arsenic
Benzene
Benz[a]pyrene (B[a]P)
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Cadmium
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hydrogen sulphide
Lead
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Mercury
Nitrogen oxides
PM2.5
PCBs
Sulphur dioxide
Total dioxins and furans
Total polyaromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Vinyl chloride
8
Hydrogen Sulphide
24 Hr Concentration Isopleths
AAQC – N/A ug/m3
Health Benchmark
– 10 to 2 ug/m3
9
Summary of Impacts on
Communities
Number of
Chemicals Above
Toronto Ambient
Air Quality
MOE Air
Standards
Health
Benchmarks
Full Operation of
Incinerators
Partial Operation
of Incinerators
Discontinued
Incineration
Discontinued
Incineration and Full
Odour Controls
0
0
N/A
N/A
0
0
0
0
2
Cadmium &
Hydrogen
Sulphide
2
Cadmium &
Hydrogen
Sulphide
1
Hydrogen
Sulphide
0
10
Conclusions - 1

Little difference between air quality
on South Riverdale vs Beaches due
to ABTP
 Elevated stack has slightly higher
impact to the northeast because of high
velocity winds from the southwest
 Low elevations sources have higher
impact to the northwest because of
lower velocity winds from the southeast
11
Conclusions - 2
Significant process changes since
1995 has changed the ABTP air
emission profile
 Removal of incineration eliminated
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• arsenic,
• cadmium,
• lead,
• PCBs, and
• Dioxins/Furans
12
Conclusions - 3
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Compared to Toronto Ambient Air
While Incinerator Operating
 Predicted maximum levels below
Toronto measured ambient levels
13
Conclusions - 4
15 chemicals were unequivocally
detected at ABTP
 All detected chemicals below MOE
air quality criteria/standards for all
time scales
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14
Conclusions - 5
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Most detected chemicals below health
benchmarks except
 Hydrogen Sulphide above the lower chronic
limit (2 ug/m3) for some scenarios
 Cadmium exceeds only during incineration
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By 2010, all detected chemicals meet
health benchmarks
All detected chemicals below Toronto
measured levels during incineration
15
Conclusions - 5
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Benzo[a]pyrene/PAHs less than
detection limits
At B[a]P detection limits,
 Health benchmark exceeded for all scenarios
 MOE air quality criteria will be met by 2010
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Maximum predicted impact was greater
than measured
Impact over estimated
16