Transcript Slide 1

Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
Vitamins and minerals are valuable
micronutrients that the body needs to be
strong and healthy.
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
• When vitamins were first discovered
they were assigned letters.
• Once we learned they are chemicals
they gave them chemical names. For
example, Vitamin C is also called
ASCORBIC ACID.
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
• Many vitamins are needed daily so
loading up on just one does not help
your body.
• Eating a variety of foods is essential.
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
What Are Vitamins?
•
Vitamins work with
enzymes to keep
cells healthy
and active.
•
They do not supply energy, but the body cannot
produce energy without vitamins.
•
Vitamins and minerals are called MICRONUTRIENTS
because we need them in such small amounts.
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
What Are Vitamins?
• Antioxidants protect cells from harmful
substances.
• They repair damaged cells by changing free
radicals.
antioxidants
free radicals
Substances that protect cells
and the immune system from
damage by harmful chemicals.
An unstable substance that can
damage body cells.
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
What Are Vitamins? (put on p.2)
•
Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water and pass into
the bloodstream.
•
Vitamin C and the B vitamins fall into this category.
•
Only stay in the body for a short time. If not used
right away they are passed out of the body in urine.
•
Drinking plenty of water is essential.
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
Vitamin C Functions:
•
Maintain healthy blood vessels, bones, skin, and teeth.
•
Helps with making of collagen which gives structure to
bones, cartilage, and muscle.
•
Helps the body heal wounds and fight infections.
Lack of Vitamin C:
• Causes poor appetite, weakness, bruising, and
soreness in joints.
• Severe lack causes SCURVY.
• Sources: Citrus fruits, strawberries
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
B Vitamins(Sources- Whole Grain Foods):
• B1: Thiamin- Aids in making carbohydrates into
energy. Needed for muscle coordination and a
healthy nervous system.
•
B2: Riboflavin- Helps get energy from food
(carbohydrates, proteins, and fats). Contributes to
body growth and making of red blood cells.
•
B3: Niacin- Helps get energy from food
(carbohydrates, proteins, and fats). Needed for
healthy nervous system and mucous membranes.
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
B Vitamins:
•
B6: Pyridoxine- Helps body release energy from carbohydrates,
proteins, and fats. Promotes healthy nervous system. Helps make
nonessential amino acids and helps make niacin in the body.
•
B9: Folate (Folacin or Folic Acid)- Helps build red blood cells
and form genetic material DNA. Helps the body use proteins.
Too little can cause anemia. Helps prevent birth defects of the
brain and spinal cord.
•
B12: Helps the body process carbohydrates, proteins, and
fats.
–
Vitamin B12 is found in meat and milk products, but not in
plant foods. Vegetarians must get B12 from Fortified grain
products.
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
B Vitamins:
B5: Pantothenic Acid- Helps the body release
energy from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
It helps the body produce cholesterol and
promotes normal growth and development. Also
needed for a healthy nervous system.
Biotin- Helps body use carbohydrates, proteins,
and fats. Helps stabilize the level of glucose
in the blood.
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
What Are Vitamins?
• Fat-soluble vitamins are transported by fat and stored
in the liver.
• Vitamins A, D, E, and K fall into this category.
• Excess fat soluble vitamins are mainly stored in the
liver.
• Large amounts of these vitamins can harm the body.
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
Vitamin A• 3 forms: Retinol, Retinal, and Retinoic acid.
• Helps with good vision and maintain tissues and skin.
• Supports reproduction and growth.
• Too much Vitamin A can cause Toxicity.
Vitamin D• Works with calcium and phosphorous to make sure bones
grow properly.
• Your body makes Vitamin D when sunlight touches your
skin.
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
Vitamin E• Powerful antioxidant.
• Protects cells from oxidation damage,
especially in the lungs.
• Can reduce the risk of heart disease and some
cancers.
Vitamin K-Helps the blood clot so that wounds will
stop bleeding.
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Free radicals are linked
to over 200 diseases.
Free radicals damage
body cells and cause the
body to age. They also
increase the risk of
disease.
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
As you watch the video clip answer the following
questions:
1. What create free radicals in the body?
2. What food groups are highest in antioxidants?
3. What diseases can potentially be treated/prevented by
adequate intake of antioxidants?
4. What do antioxidants do?
5. What berry is highest in antioxidants?
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTBz9ipkWhE
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
Vitamin D Definciency vs. Skin Cancer
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GsWe4INEhfc
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
Free Radicals and Antioxidants
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
Free Radicals and Antioxidants
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
What Are Vitamins?
Name sources for each of the vitamins
on the left.
Vitamin
Sources
Vitamin C
red berries, kiwi, red and green bell peppers, tomatoes,
broccoli, spinach, and juices made from guava, grapefruit, and
oranges.
B1- Thiamin
fortified breads, cereals, and pasta; meat and fish; dried beans,
soy foods, and peas; and whole grains like wheat germ
B2- Riboflavin
meat, eggs, legumes (like peas and lentils), nuts,
dairy products, green leafy vegetables, broccoli,
asparagus, and fortified cereals.
B3-Niacin
red meat, poultry, fish, fortified hot and cold
cereals, and peanuts
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
What Are Vitamins?
Name sources for each of the vitamins
on the left.
Vitamin
Sources
Folate
Liver, dried beans and other legumes, green leafy
vegetables, asparagus, and orange juice are
good sources of this vitamin. So are fortified
bread, rice, and cereals
B12
naturally in fish, red meat, poultry, milk, cheese,
and eggs. It's also added to some breakfast
cereals
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
What Are Vitamins?
Name sources for each of the vitamins
on the left.
Vitamin
Sources
Vitamin A
Dairy products; liver; egg yolks; foods high in beta-carotene;
such as carrots; sweet potatoes; broccoli; and dark green,
leafy vegetables.
Vitamin E
Nuts; seeds; green leafy vegetables; wheat germ; vegetable
oils and products made from them; soybean oil.
Vitamin D
Fortified dairy products; egg yolks; fatty fish, such as herring,
salmon, and mackerel; fortified breakfast cereals.
Vitamin K
Green leafy vegetables; other vegetables; some fruits.
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
What Are Minerals?
•
Become part of the body tissues. (iron in blood,
calcium and phosphorous in bones and teeth)
•
Minerals team with vitamins in chemical reactions.
•
Calcium helps keep bones strong and prevents
osteoporosis.
Magnesium builds bones, makes proteins, and
contributes to heart function.
•
•
Electrolytes help cells do their part to keep body fluids in
balance.
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
What Are Minerals?
• People need 100 mg/day of major minerals, but
less than 100 mg/day of trace minerals.
major mineral
trace mineral
A mineral that you need in the
amount of 100 mg or more a
day.
A mineral that you need in the
amount of less than 100 mg a day;
sometimes called micro-minerals.
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
Minerals
• Functions in the Body:
• The body depends on minerals for practically
every process necessary for life.
• The body requires 16 minerals daily.
25
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
Calcium: Essential for bone growth and strength, blood
clotting, muscle contraction, and the transmission of nerve
signals
Phosphorous: Allows cells to function normally; helps the
body produce energy; key in bone growth
Magnesium: Helps with heart rhythm, muscle and nerve
function, bone strength
Sodium, Chloride, potassium (electrolytes): Important for
fluid balance
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
What Are Minerals?
• Iron, iodine, zinc,
and selenium are
examples of
trace minerals.
What are some of the problems that can
be caused by a lack of iodine?
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
What Are Minerals?
Name sources for each of the major
minerals on the left.
Mineral
Sources
Calcium
Dairy; canned fish with edible bones; dry beans, peas, lentils;
dark green vegetables; tofu made with calcium sulfate.
Phosphorus
Meat; poultry; fish; eggs; nuts; dry beans, peas; dairy; grains
Magnesium
Whole-grain products; green vegetables; dry beans and peas;
nuts and seeds.
Sodium (Electrolyte)
Table salt; processed foods.
Chloride (Electrolyte)
Table salt.
Potassium (Electolyte)
Fruits, including bananas and oranges; vegetables; meats;
poultry; fish; dry beans and peas; dairy products.
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
Iron: Key component of red blood cells and many enzymes
Zinc: Supports the body's immunity and nerve function;
important in reproduction
Copper: Important in the metabolism of iron
Iodine: Important in the production of thyroid hormones
Selenium: Protects cells from damage; regulates thyroid
hormone
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
What Are Minerals?
Name sources for each of the trace
minerals on the left.
Mineral
Sources
Iron
Meat; seafood; egg yolks; dark green, leafy vegetables; dry
beans; enriched and whole-grain products; dried fruit.
Zinc
Meat; liver; poultry; fish; shellfish; dairy; dry beans and peas;
peanuts; whole-grain breads and cereals; eggs; miso.
Copper
Whole-grain products; seafood; variety meats; dry beans; nuts;
seeds.
Iodine
Saltwater fish; iodized salt.
Selenium
Whole-grain breads; vegetables; meat; variety meats; seafood.
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
Chapter Summary
• Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients that help
to keep the body healthy.
• Vitamins work with enzymes to keep cells healthy
and active.
• Antioxidants are special vitamins and minerals that
protect against free radicals.
• Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water and pass
easily through the bloodstream during digestion.
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
Chapter Summary
• Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver for the
body to use when needed.
• Minerals often team with vitamins in chemical
reactions.
• Major minerals are those that the body requires
100 mg or more of each day.
• The body needs less than 100 daily mg of trace
minerals.
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
Chapter Summary
• The best way to obtain vitamins and minerals is
through a healthful and varied diet.
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
Review
Do you remember the vocabulary terms from this
chapter? Use the following slides to check your
knowledge of the definitions.
The slides in this section include both English
and Spanish terms and definitions.
Start
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
antioxidants
Substances that
protect cells and the
immune system
from damage by
harmful chemicals.
antioxidantes
Sustancias que
protegen a las células
y al sistema inmune
de daño por
sustancias químicas
dañinas.
Show Definition
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
free radical
radical libre
An unstable
substance that can
damage body cells.
Una sustancia
inestable que puede
dañar las células del
cuerpo.
Show Definition
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water-soluble
vitamin
A vitamin that
dissolves in water
and passes easily
into the bloodstream
during digestion.
vitamina soluble
en agua
Una vitamina que se
disuelve en agua y
que pasa fácilmente al
flujo sanguíneo
durante la digestión.
Show Definition
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
fat-soluble
vitamin
A vitamin that is
absorbed and
transported by fat.
vitamina soluble
en grasa
Una vitamina que la
grasa absorbe y
transporta.
Show Definition
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
toxicity
toxicidad
Poisoning from too
much of a substance.
Envenenamiento por
ingerir demasiado de
una sustancia.
Show Definition
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
major mineral
mineral primario
A mineral that you
need in the amount
of 100 mg or more
a day.
Mineral que necesitas
en cantidades de 100
mg o más al día.
Show Definition
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
electrolyte mineral
electrolito mineral
A mineral that helps
form particles called
electrolytes, which
help cells function.
Un mineral que ayuda
a formar las partículas
llamadas electrolitos,
que a su vez ayudan
a las células a
funcionar bien.
Show Definition
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
hypertension
hipertensión
High blood pressure
linked to high salt
intake.
Alta presión
sanguínea
relacionada con un
alto consumo de sal.
Show Definition
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
trace mineral
mineral secundario
A mineral that you
need in the amount of
less than 100 mg a
day; sometimes called
micro-minerals.
Mineral del que
necesitas menos de
100 mg al día; también
se conocen como
micro-minerales.
Show Definition
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
iron deficiency
anemia
Too little iron leads
to having too few red
blood cells, causing
people to become
tired, weak, short of
breath, pale, and cold.
anemia por
deficiencia de hierro
La falta de hierro
reduce el número de
glóbulos rojos, lo que
causa cansancio,
debilidad, falta de aire
y frío en la persona.
Show Definition
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pica
pica
An unusual appetite for
ice, clay, or other
nonfood items; a
craving for things
that are not normally
eaten.
Apetito fuera de lo
común por hielo, arcilla
u otros artículos no
alimenticios; antojo
para cosas que
normalmente no se
comen.
Show Definition
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stabilize
deshidratación
To hold steady.
Condición en la que el
cuerpo tiene muy
poca agua.
Show Definition
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
regulate
regular
Control and maintain.
Controlar y mantener.
Show Definition
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Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals
End of
Chapter 8
Vitamins &
Minerals
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