Transcript Filmstrip with Countdown - Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

ORGANIC COMPOUND
Hydrocarbon:
Alkane, Alkene, Alkyne
Created by: Sarina Hanifah (0905632)
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Hi guyysss, my name is Dora.
Today, i’ll be your guide to know
more about hydrocarbon, from the
definition till the function in our
daily life. Oh ya, don’t need to be
hesitate to ask your teacher if you
find
something
you
can’t
understand 
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Why we have to learn about
organic compounds??
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Cause every time we use organic compound
especially what we are eating , what we wear,
what we polish, and many others like what we
use when travelling either by bus, train,
aeroplane and ships.
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Did you know? the cake that
i’ve eaten is made of organic
compound. It’s called wheat.
It contains lots of energy’s
source from organic
compound!! Amazing, right?
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What is hydrocarbon??
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Hydrocarbons is organic
compounds that only contain
hydrogen and carbons.
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Water forms droplets on a thin film of alkane wax
on the skin of the apple.
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Biogas, which can come from animal manure is
mostly composed of the alkane called methane.
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Solid long-chain alkanes form a firm layer of wax called
the cuticle, over areas of the plant exposed to the air
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Petroleum Jelly is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons
(with carbon numbers mainly higher than 25)
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Liquefied Petroleum Gas is composed mainly of
propane and butane.
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Gas Lighters use butane
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Aerosol Sprays use propane and butane as
propellants
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Alkene
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MIND MAP
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Hydrocarbons
Large family of organic compounds
Composed of only carbon and hydrogen
Saturated hydrocarbons
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Alkanes
Alkenes, Alkynes
C=C C C
C-C
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Alkane
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Definition of Alkane
• Alkane is saturated hydrocarbon which
has a covalent bond between the C atom
(C-C). As a saturated hydrocarbon, alkane
has maximum amount of hydrogen.
• The general formula of alkane is:
CnH2n+2
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Video
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Naming of Alkane
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Line-angle Formula
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Propane
CH3-CH2CH3
Butane
CH3-CH2-CH2CH3
Pentane
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2CH3
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Give the name of:
CH3

CH3─CH─CH2─CH3
STEP 1
Longest chain is butane.
STEP 2
Number chain.
CH3
|
CH3─CH─CH2─CH3
1
2
3
4
Note : When you give the number of the chain, please give the number
starting with the chain that has the lowest number of substituent.
STEP 3 Locate substituents and name.
2-Methylbutane
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Naming Substituents
In the IUPAC system:
• Removing a H from
an alkane is called
alkyl group.
-ane
-yl
-OH
-NO2
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Hydroxyl
Nitro
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Physical properties of alkane
•
•
•
•
•
Non polar
Insoluble in water.
Lower density than water.
Low boiling and melting points.
Gases with 1-4 carbon atoms.
(methane, propane, butane)
• Liquids with 5-17 carbon atoms.
(kerosene, diesel, and jet fuels)
• Solids with 18 or more carbon atoms.
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Chemical reactions of Alkanes
1- Combustion:
• Alkanes react with oxygen.
• CO2, H2O, and energy are produced.
• Alkane + O2
CO2 + H2O + heat
CH4 + 2O2
CO2 + 2H2O + energy (perfect combustion)
CH4 + 3/2 O2
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CO2 + 2H2O + energy (imperfect combustion)
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Chemical reactions of Alkanes
2- Halogenation:
Alkanes react with Halogens.
Chloromethane
CH4 + Cl2
Heat or light
CH3Cl+ Cl2
Heat or light
CH2Cl2+ Cl2
CH3Cl + HCl
CH2Cl2 + HCl
Dichloromethane
CHCl3 + HCl
Trichloromethane
Heat or light
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Constitutional Isomers
• Have the same molecular formula.
• Have different atom arrangements
(different structural
formula).
CH3CH2CH2CH3
Butane
C4H10
2-Methylpropane
CH3
C4H10
CH3CHCH
3
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Sources of Alkanes
• Natural gas
– 90 to 95 percent methane.
– 5 to 10 percent ethane, and
– a mixture of other low-boiling alkanes, chiefly
propane, butane, and 2-methylpropane.
• Petroleum
– A thick liquid mixture of thousands of compounds,
most of them hydrocarbons, formed from the
decomposition of marine plants and animals.
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Uses of Alkane
The gasoline that composed of liquid alkane
which has high volatility
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Alkene and Alkyne
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Definition of Alkene
• Alkene is unsaturated hydrocarbon
because the amount of atom H isn’t reach
the maximum value. Alkene has two
covalents bond between the C atom (C=C)
• The general formula of alkene is:
CnH2n
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Definition of Alkyne
• Alkyne is unsaturated hydrocarbon
because the amount of atom H isn’t reach
the maximum value. Alkyne has three
covalents bond between the C atom (C=C)
• The general formula of alkyne is:
CnH2n-2
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Give the location
for double and
triple bond
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Naming Alkenes & Alkynes
Using the IUPAC alkane names:
Alkene names change the end to -ene.
Alkyne names change the end to -yne
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Note: Give the lowest chain number to the
chain that has the nearest location to the
double bond (alkene) or triple bond
(alkyne)
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Naming Alkenes & Alkynes
CH2= CH ─ CH2─ CH3
1
4
3
2
1-Butene
CH3─ CH=CH─ CH3
1
2
3
2-Butene
4
CH3
|
CH3─ CH=C─CH3
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2-Methyl-2-butene
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Naming Alkenes & Alkynes
CH3─ CH2─ CC ─ CH
1 3
5
4
2-Pentyne
2
3
CH3
CH3─ CH2─ C=CH ─ CH3
4
5
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3-Methyl-2 pentyne
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Cis & Trans Stereoisomers
H
H
H
C=C
H3C
C=C
H3C
CH3
C 4H 8
CH3
H
C 4H 8
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
The same molecular formula and the same connectivity of their atoms
but a different arrangement of their atoms in space.
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Physical Properties of
Alkene & alkyne
• Non polar
• Insoluble in water
• Lower density than water
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Chemical Reaction of Alkene
1. Halogenation
CH2=CH2 + Cl2  CH2Cl – CH2Cl
ethene
(1,2 dichloroethana)
2. Hydrogenation
CH2=CH2 + H2  CH3 – CH3
ethene
ethana
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Chemical Reaction of Alkene
3. Combustion
CH2=CH2(g) + 3O2(g)  2CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
4. Hydration
CH2=CH2(g) + H2O(l)  CH3-CH2-OH(l)
ethene
ethanol
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Chemical Reaction of Alkyne
1. Polymerisation addition
CH=CH + CH=CH  CH=C-CH=CH2
ethyne ethyne
vynil ethyne
2. Substitution
2CH=CH + Na  2CH=CNa + H2
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Chemical Reaction of Alkyne
3. Combustion
2CH=CH(g) + 5O2(g)  4CO2 (g) + 2H2O(g)
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Uses of Alkene
• Ethene is basic substance of PVC
industry. PVC is used for making water
pipe, and rain coat.
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Uses of Alkene
• Ethene react with benzene to form
polystirene. Polystirene is used as a basic
substance of plastic such as plastic spoon,
pipe, etc.
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Uses of alkyne
• Alkyne is used as a basic substance of
another organic compound such as
ethanal, ethanoic acid, vynil chloride, etc.
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What do you think about
hydrocarbon? There are so
much influences in our daily
life, right? But, did you know,
if we use the hydrocarbon
more than we need, it’ll
contaminate our world. How it
can be like that?
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•
Too much CO2 cause of combustion of
hydrocarbon in the atmosphere will
causing the greenhouse effect. As a
result, the temperature will be higher than
usual.
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•
Most of plastic are hard to be broken, it
needs long time to be recycled. So if we
can’t control the uses of plastic, it’ll
become the dangerous waste.
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Guys,
as
you
know
the
disadvantages
of
hydrocarbon,
please control the uses of
hydrocarbon compound such as
reducing the uses of the vehicle that
use gasoline as a fuel or you can
reuse the plastic as like as you
want. So we have a better place to
live in, Because this world is ours. 
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