Transcript Document

UNICEF Social Protection Work
an overview
Show and Tell on Social Protection
Geneva, 12 May 2010
Isabel Ortiz, Gordon Alexander, Gabriele Koehler
Key areas of UNICEF social protection work
 Technical & policy support at
country level
 Applied and policy research
 Partnerships at global and national
level
 International advocacy
UNICEF work in Social Protection:
124 programmes in 76 countries
Technical Support at country level
 Informed by child poverty and vulnerability studies
 Support government development of national social
protection systems
 Supporting national dialogue on policy priorities and
options
 Support to design, scale-up, execute and monitor cash
and non-cash transfers
 Access to services, e.g. removal of education user fees
 Strengthening social protection systems & capacity,
including social welfare services
 Strong programmatic links to child protection and
HIV/AIDS
Partnerships & International advocacy
Partnerships
 UN Social Protection Floor Initiative
o a minimum level of access to essential services and income security for all
- in the present economic and financial crisis and beyond
 HelpAge International, Save the Children
 IDS, EPRI, University of Maastricht – training
Key advocacy areas
 Expansion of social protection coverage
 Promoting social protection which better addresses the needs of
children and women (Joint Statement on Advancing ChildSensitive Social Protection)
 Protecting social protection and social spending within context of
continued crisis shocks – Recovery with a Human Face
Principles of child sensitive social protection
1. Avoid adverse impacts on children, and reduce or mitigate
social and economic risks affect children
2. Intervene as early as possible where children are at risk
3. Consider the age and gender specific risks and
vulnerabilities of children
4. Mitigate the effects of shocks, exclusion and poverty on
families
5. Make special provision to reach children who are
particularly vulnerable and excluded
6. Consider intra-household dynamics, with particular
attention paid to the balance of power between men and
women
7. Include the voices and opinions of children, their
caregivers and youth in the understanding and design
Sri Lanka
Switzerland
Bangladesh
Norway
Nigeria
Netherlands
Mexico
Spain
Belgium
Kenya
Argentina
Portugal
France
United Kingdom
Indonesia
Israel
Egypt
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Slovenia
Poland
Peru
Chile
Canada
Sweden
Germany
India
Finland
Russia
South Africa
Taiwan
Philippines
Austria
China,P.R.:Hong Kong
Japan
United States
Malaysia
Singapore
Australia
Turkey
Korea
Tanzania
Vietnam
Honduras
Hungary
China
Fiscal Stimulus Plans Q4 2008-Q3 2009,
%GDP
14.00
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
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As an average, 25% of stimulus plans spent on social support
(UNDP, 2009)
Mostly in high and middle income economies
Positive development, social protection expanded during crisis
Sub Saharan Africa
key activities and challenges
• Context:
– Continuing explosion of social protection activities in region
• Cash transfers
• National strategies
– HIV/AIDS
– Proliferation of mapping, stock taking, events
• What has been our regional focus:
– Strong emphasis on social cash transfers and national strategies
– Technical assistance
• Policy, advocacy, program design and implementation
– Regional learning and sharing of experiences
– Rigorous impact evaluation
• Regional project
– 9 country Children and AIDS regional initiative (CARI)
• Social protection, HIV/AIDS, and OVC
Sub Saharan Africa: Examples social cash
transfer programs with government support
Old age pensions
Child grants
Pov/community based
targeting
Combo
Lesotho
(80,000)
Namibia
(108,000)
Malawi (24,000 hhs and
scaling up)
Rwanda (25,000 hhs
and scaling up)
South Africa
(4 million)
South Africa
(8 million)
Zambia
(8,000 hhs; scale up to
22,000)
Ethiopia
(PNSP 1.6 million hhs;
BOLSA 8000)
Namibia
(115,000)
Zambia (will scale up
to 33,000 hhs)
Zimbabwe
(2,800 hhs in pilot)
Botswana
(91,000)
OVC /community
based targeting
Tanzania
(2,000 hhs in pilot)
Madagascar
(10,000 hhs planned)
Pilots on
the way
Swaziland
(60,000)
Kenya OVC (70,000
hhs; scaling up to
125,000)
Kenya Hunger
(scaling up to 60,000
hhs)
Angola
(pilot under discussion)
Zambia
(4,500 hhs in
pilot)
Lesotho
(1,000 hhs in pilot;
scale up to 10,000)
Mozambique
(170,000 hhs)
Uganda
(pilot approved)
Sub Saharan Africa: UNICEF role in
social cash transfer programs
Old age
pensions
Child grants
Pov/community
based targeting
Combo
Lesotho
Namibia
Evaluation
Malawi
Implementation,
impact evaluation
Rwanda (VUP)
Implementation, impact
evaluation
South Africa
South Africa
Impact evaluation
Zambia
Impact evaluation
Ethiopia (BOLSA)
Design, advo, implem,
evaluation
Namibia
Zambia
Design, impact evaluation
Zimbabwe
Oversight
Botswana
OVC /community
based targeting
Tanzania
Pilots on
the way
Madagascar
Design, advocacy
Swaziland
Evaluation
Kenya OVC
Design, implementation,
impact evaluation
Kenya Hunger
Angola
Experiment targeting Design, advocacy
Zambia
Lesotho
Design, implementation,
impact evaluation
Mozambique
Design, impact
evaluation
Uganda: Design, impact
evaluation, experiment
targeting
Social Protection South Asia – a mapping
Social
Security
Social Assistance
Formal
sector
General social
assistance
Sickness,
unemployment, old
age, health,
insurance
(e.g. public
service,
formal
sector)
Povertyrelated: Old
age/survivor
allowance/di
sability
benefits
(universal or
means
tested)
Afghanistan
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Bangladesh
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Bhutan
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India
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Maldives
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Nepal
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
Pakistan
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Sri Lanka
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Child
benefit
(e.g. girl
child
grants)
Sectoral social assistance
- transfers in cash & kind
Healthrelated
transfers
(e.g.
maternity
benefits)
Educationrelated
transfers
(e.g. school
meals,
stipends)
Emergency
transfers
Employme
nt-related
transfers
(e.g. public
works
schemes)
Transfers to
cope with
shocks,
conflict and
natural
disasters
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Country
Source: UNICEF ROSA June 2009
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South Asia: UNICEF Support
• Supporting the design and scale-up of national social protection
systems
Support formulation of National Social Protection Strategies in Afghanistan, Pakistan; Social
assistance chapter of the new PRSP in Bangladesh; Support for the reform of the social
protection system in Nepal; support to the new National Social Protection Agency in
Maldives
• Ensuring that new or enhanced systems benefit children
Support to CCTs in cyclone affected areas in Bangladesh, support to the girl child scholarship
schemes in India; advocacy for adoption of child grant in Nepal
• Working with partners to analyse the adequacy of social
protection in the context of child poverty and disparities
Advocacy on social inclusion of the Benazir Income Support Scheme in Pakistan; social inclusion
dialogue in Afghanistan, building linkages between child protection and social protection for
vulnerable children, and improvements in service delivery in Sri Lanka
•
Enhancing operational experience and partner capacity at the
country level
Contributing to national efforts in social protection reform (incl. at subnational level) through
research and analysis and advocacy in India ; review of the fiscal budget with attention to the
social protection budget and importance of sustaining social budget shares in view of the
fiscal constraints in Maldives
East Asia and Pacific: Key issues
• Some countries have fairly sophisticated systems (Indonesia),
some rapidly developing (China, Cambodia, Vietnam), others
initial (PPNG)
• Systems need to be more proactive rather than reactive
– Many initiatives implemented post 1997/98; and in 2008/9
• Fragmented system
– Many different national and local agencies responsible – undermines
effectiveness; E.g. 17 agencies in China, 15 in Indonesia
• Equity concerns
– Many groups do not benefit of have difficulties accessing: internal & crossborder migrants, ethnic minorities, children with HIV/AIDS
• Lack of evaluation
– Evidence on protection against immediate risks and vulnerabilities but less
on impact on capabilities of poor & children in long-run
• Investment concerns
– Less spending compared to other regions
– 4.5% in East Asia, 1.1% in Pacific compared to 3.9% even in South Asia
East Asia and Pacific: UNICEF role
• Leading Technical role in developing social
protection/safety net strategies & making more
child-sensitive
– PNG – TA on development of SP policy including cash and non-cash
transfers
– Cambodia – National consultation on safety nets including cash
transfers and MNCH
• UNICEF providing technical expertise to pilots that
can be replicated at larger scale
– Incorporating multi-dimensional understanding of poverty into
design
– Advocacy may lead to piloting of child-specific CCTs in Cambodia
– Vietnam – supporting pilot on ‘Development of Community-based
Child Protection Network’
Latin America and Caribbean
Uneven situation: Fractured and
heterogeneous systems
•Create (eg. Haiti)
•Strengthen
•Expand
–Modalities differ. Not all of them
conditional
Latin America and Caribbean
Country Examples
•Integrated early childhood development respecting
indigenous values and traditions (Colombia)
•Integrated packages of education, health and
water/sanitation interventions at municipal level (Brazil,
Nicaragua)
•Single database of beneficiaries (Paraguay)
•Assessment of Social Safety Nets (with UNIFEM and WB)
• Haiti – Post disaster reconstruction
Social Protection in MENA
• SP is an area of early engagement for UNICEF in MENA. COs are
staring approach SP work in a quite empirical way and still lacking
overall understanding of UNICEF’s role
• Country engagement differs from country to country although it
is mostly related to including analysis of social protection
initiatives in Countries’ SITANs, engaging dialogue with line
ministries on child sensitive SP, planning training of partner
ministries on SP.
• Most of Social Policies programmes of UNICEF COs start having
analysis of and contribution to national SP schemes as an explicit
objectives. Most of results are however planned from 2011.
• No open collaboration/dialogue on SP is reported by MENA’s
COs, based on 2009 COARs.
Social Protection in CEE/CIS:
Not enough ‘state effort’ for families with children
• No country in the region representing future - No exemplars
• Crisis underlining importance but also limitations existing
social protection systems
• Not enough ‘state effort’ being made
• Much too narrowly conceived
• Most effort wiped out by charges
• Risk crisis not being used to transform social protection; a
‘Shift’ towards much more EU understandings of what state
can /should do for families with children needed
• Towards a ‘social protection strategy’ for the region?
CEE/CIS: Social Assistance as % Average
Earnings
100
90
80
70
60
Couple
50
Lp+1ch aged 2yrs11months
40
Lp+2ch aged 2yrs11months, 7
30
Cpl+1 aged 7
20
10
0
Cpl+2 aged 2yrs11months,7
Pensioner Cpl
CEE/CIS: Child benefit package, difference from
childless couple, half average income, PPPs
5000
4000
3000
2000
Education
1000
Health care
Childcare costs
0
Non-inc tested child ben
Inc tested child ben
Soc Sec Contr
-1000
Income Tax
Earnings
-2000
-3000
-4000
-5000
Key issues going forward
• UN social protection floor
• Scaling up of social protection, particularly in low-income
countries, despite governments phasing out fiscal
stimulus plans and initiating fiscal
tightening/adjustment 2010-11
• Operationalising child-sensitive social protection
• Sustainable financing models for social protection
systems
• Measurement of social protection coverage
• Disability
Thank you
[email protected]