Transcript A Sample Presentation

A Template For WECS Integration to
Small Power Grids
Jason. C. Chadee
Chandrabhan Sharma
Kathryn Young
Agenda
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Overview of SATIS 1999 vs. SATIS 2003
Global Wind Market Summary Update- Fernando
High Level discussion on WECS Integration template
Template Implementation to John Dial Site, Tobago
 Hard figures (not an overview) on the tremendous and viable
prospect for commercial wind power generation
Conclusion and Next Steps
Contact Information
Q&A audience discussion
“Wind Power Generation is not a Science Project Anymore”
GE WIND PRESIDENT 2003
Energy Systems Group Wind
Research
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SATIS 1999
 Initial General Framework for WECS Integration- Conceptual
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SATIS 2003
 Defined End-to-End Solution for WECS Integration- Template
 Template Application with Logged Data- John Dial, Tobago
 In-house Developed Software Products Suite
Some Latest News
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Carbon Emissions still on the increase – UNFCC
 Europe, Japan & US 17% > 1990 levels (Kyoto Protocol)
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AusWEA reports doubling in wind installations (106 MW – 227MW) in last 6
months. 10% target from renewables by 2010.
UK massive offshore expansion of 6000MW by 2010. 10% 2010 target.
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World Bank approved US$20 B for Phillippines Rural Electrification Programme.
EWEA sets sights on 180,000MW Wind in Europe by 2020.
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President European Commission visions zero carbon energy system by 2050.
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GE Wind 1 year on- Sales up 40% (US$2 B in new orders).
Problem Definition
Problems
 Limited literature of WECS integration to small grids
 The need for a generalized template in view of the rapid
growth of global WECS installations (35% annually, from
1995 – 2002, currently 31,000MW installed capacity globally)
Proposal
 A scientific method for WECS integration in the form of a
template
 John Dial is used as an illustration
Template
UCE
UCE
Economic
Analysis
Wind
Resource
Assessment
(WRA)
WECS
WECS
Selection
Selection
Reliability
Study
Economic
Economic
Feasibility
IRR
IRR
Capacity
Capacity
Credit
Credit
Energy
Value
Energy Value
Hourly
Wind Mean
Speed Data
(John Dial)
(2001)
WECS
WECS value
value to
the utility
INTEGRATION
VALUE
Power
Power
Flow
Flow
Fault
Analysis
Analysis
Dynamic &
Transient
Transient
Stability
stability analysis
Analysis
Electrical
effect
on the grid
Electrical effect
on the grid
Feasibility of
WECS
Integration
WRA
Exploratory
Phase
Planning
Phase
Other WRA
Factors
Direction
wind
direction &
frequency
distribution
joint TI &
direction
distribution
TI
wind
rose
joint wind
shear &
direction
distribution
Wind
Shear
Speed
Mean wind
speed
Mean
Power
Density
Diurnal
Patterns
Speed
Duration
Wind speed
frequency
curves
Time Series
Modeling
Energy
Density
Mathematical
Modeling
Wind Profile of John Dial
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Annual mean wind speed – 4.9 m/s at 10m
Class 5 site at 50m
At a hub height of 50m, a typical turbine will operate 77% of the
year
Moderate turbulence at 10m
Most persistent and energetic winds - NNE
Diurnal pattern is consistently bell shaped
Dry season months are windier
Annual wind shear exponent of 0.29
WECS Selection Methodology
Size &
Composition of
System
Capacity
Factor &
Average
Energy
Production
Overall
Rated
Efficiency
Optimum
Rated Wind
Speed
Desired features
of "ideal" turbine
Select optimum turbine
from available
commercial turbines
Decide on design
options that the
particular turbine
offers
Qualitative
Features
Results - John Dial case study
Ht
(m)
Turbine
Rated
overall
efficiency
CF
Ep
MWh/yr
Specific
Yield
kWh/yr/m2
VR
65
Sudwind
1500
43
45.6
5985
1555
11.6
65
GE 1500
38.2
48.7
6397
1374
12
65
Vestas 2000
20.3
46.3
8119
1615
15
65
Lagerwey
2000
39.3
40.8
7149
1795
13
80
Vestas 2000
20.3
49.7
8707
1732
15
80
Lagerwey
2000
39.3
44.3
7768
1951
13
Vestas V80-2MW
 Low efficiency
 Superior energy production – 8707MWh/yr
 High Capacity Factor – 49.7%
 Rated wind speed – 15 m/s
 Induction motor with planetary gearbox
Wind Energy Economics
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Establish factors that affect wind energy economics
Unit Cost of Electricity (UCE) & Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
ENERGY
PRODUCTION
FINANCING
ENERGY
SELLING
PRICE
COST OF
ENERGY (UCE)
INTERNAL RATE OF
RETURN (IRR)
Results - John Dial case study
Wind Generation
 UCE = 2.15 - 3.38 US cents/kWh
 IRR = 10%-18%
Conventional generation
 UCEave = 3.5US cents/kWh
WECS Reliability Study
 Determines the value or worth of the WECS to the utility
 Capacity Credit
 Energy value
 Assesses the impact of WECS penetration on system
reliability
ELCC for 4 turbines
20
LOLE (hrs/yr)
18
16
ELCC = 4.21MW
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
10
12
14
16
18
Peak Load Power (MW)
Base Case
4 t urbines (rat ed capacit y 8MW)
20
22
Results - John Dial case study
Total rated
WECS
generation
Penetration
of WECS
Capacity
Credit
(MW)
Reduction
in LOEE
(MWh/yr)
2
9.7
-
745
4
19.3
1.45
1238
6
30
2.4
1588
8
38
3.33
1807
Electrical Effect of WECS on grid
 Power Flow
 Short Circuit Analysis
 Stability
 Changing wind speeds
 Transient stability
WECS Connection
WECS 133
SCARBOROUGH
78
COURLAND
77
PIRELLI
MILFORD 76
TOCO LINK 75
TO THE REST OF THE GRID
FURUKAWA
User written model
Vw
Vw >VR
Vw< VF
Pmech = 0
Vw >VC
Calculate Pmech
Pmech = 0
Pmech >MAX Pmech
Pmech = MAX Pmech
Calculate time
derivative of Pmech
Scenarios
 Case 1 - Changing wind speed at 1 m/s every 10sec
 Case 2 - Changing wind speed at 1 m/s every 0.5sec
 Case 3 - An 18 m/s gust for 5 sec
 Case 4 - Fault at Scarborough bus
Conclusions
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Developed an improved WRA
Developed a novel method to select the most suitable turbine
Quantified WECS profitability from two perspectives (normally
UCE is only used)
Quantified the WECS value via the capacity credit (important)
Investigated electrical effects of WECS integration
 power flow & short circuit analyses
 stability analysis – developed a user written wind turbine
model for PSS/E
 WECS integration into a small grid was thoroughly
examined
 Highlighted major issues and concerns of WECS
integration
 Illustrated a real world application of template (actual wind
speed data, actual grid & commercial turbines)
 Template can provide user with a holistic view and
comprehensive understanding from several
perspectives
Template
UCE
UCE
Economic
Analysis
Wind
Resource
Assessment
(WRA)
WECS
WECS
Selection
Selection
Reliability
Study
Economic
Economic
Feasibility
IRR
IRR
Capacity
Capacity
Credit
Credit
Energy
Value
Energy Value
Hourly
Wind Mean
Speed Data
(John Dial)
(2001)
WECS
WECS value
value to
the utility
INTEGRATION
VALUE &
Power
Power
Flow
Flow
SOFTWARE SUITES
Fault
Analysis
Analysis
Dynamic &
Transient
Transient
Stability
stability analysis
Analysis
Electrical
effect
on the grid
Electrical effect
on the grid
Feasibility of
WECS
Integration
Is John Dial Suitable For Wind Generation?
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ABSOLUTELY !
Mean wind speed  5m / s
Class 5 site at 50m (Very good)
2MW WECS – 8707MWh/yr and CF = 49%
UCE between 2 – 3 US cents/kWh
WECS can displace 40% of similarly rated conventional generation
No adverse electrical effects for small WECS penetration (<10%)
 Increases bus bar voltages near WECS
 Increases stiffness of the grid
 Voltage and frequency deviations are insignificant despite
wind speed variation
Next Steps
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MEEI, TTEC & UWI JV’s to accelerate Commercialisation- No pilot
Project but a Plan of Action
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Public Awareness Campaign & Education
UWI Wind Energy Workshop 2004
Rural Electrification
Wind Powering Tobago
“Wind Power Generation is not a Science Project Anymore”
GE WIND PRESIDENT 2003
ENERGY SYSTEMS GROUP URL:
http://www.eng.uwi.tt/depts/elec/ugrad/deptgrps
/nrgysys2.html
Email: [email protected]
THANK YOU
QUESTIONS?