Transcript EXAMEN DE LAS POLITICAS DE CIENCIA , TECNOLOGIA E

XIII UNCTAD
INNOVATION AND
TECHNOLOGY DAY
CHALLENGES,
PUBLIC POLICY,
PROPOSALS AND
ACHIEVEMENTS OF
INNOVATION IN PERU
José Urquizo Maggia
Ministry of Production of Peru
SUMMARY
•Competitiveness and FTA
• Challenges for innovation
1.Heterogeneity and tradition
2.Productive inclusion and decentralization
3.Closing poverty gaps
4.Training of human resources
5.Diversifying production and exports
6.Overcoming productivity gaps
7.Speeding up innovation upgrade
• Proposals and achievements
COMPETITIVENESS
“…Competitive advantage comes mainly from improvement,
innovation and change "
Porter
PRODUCTIVITY
AND GROWTH
PRODUCTIVE
INCLUSION
ENVIRONMENTAL
SUSTAINABILITY
A
S
S
O
C
I
A
T
I
V
I
T
Y
I
N
N
O
V
A
T
I
O
N
Q
U
A
L
I
T
Y
GLOBAL INSERTION
EFTA
CANADA
EUROPEAN UNION
SINGAPUR
UNITED STATES
European
Union
ANDEAN
COMMUNITY
CHINA
MERCOSUR
Australia
CHILE
MERCOSUR
TPP - APEC
…Opportunity and challenge ...
3 BILLION POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS
After more than 10 years of growth higher than 6% per
annum, Peru has improved its competitiveness position
WEF Location competitiveness rankings
Peru and Latin America, 2008 and 2011
100
80
88
83 86
67
60
Peru
Latin America
40
20
0
2008
1 = Best
* Source: WEF Global Competitiveness Report
2011
... But if we look closer there are
challenges that concern us
XIII UNCTAD
INNOVATION AND
TECHNOLOGY DAY
PUBLIC POLICY CHALLENGES
OF INNOVATION IN PERU
CHALLENGE 1. Overcoming Technological Heterogeneity +
Inclusion of traditional knowledge and biodiversity wealth
Information
Society
Agriculture
Revolution
Knowledge
Revolution
First Industrial
Revolution
Knowledage
Information
Land
Strategic factors of
competitiveness
Machinery
Manufactoring
Mindfactoring
ICT’s
Biotechnology
Nanotechnology
CHALLENGE 2. Decentralization and diversification of
regional production
Percentage of total manufacturing firms
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
55%
45%
Lima
Otras
Regiones
Others
Regions
10%
0%
Total Manufacturing Enterprises:
136,129 = 55% in Lima
accounts for 14.8% of GDP
Source: SUNAT – Registro RUC 2011
... poverty has declined over time
...But there are still pending issues
(54.8%)
Source: INEI.
(48.7%)
(31.3%)
Lima y Callao
73.57
Arequipa
45.32
Ica
CHALLENGE 3. Reduce
poverty and
competitiveness gaps
between regions
44.49
La Libertad
42.63
Lambayeque
41.4
Tacna
41.27
Moquegua
40.45
Piura
36.64
Tumbes
35.46
Cusco
33.16
Ancash
33.01
Loreto
32.99
Madre de Dios
32.68
Junin
The two poorest
regions are the
least competitive
31.66
Pasco
29.8
Puno
27.22
Ucayali
27.15
Huanuco
25.7
San Martin
Innovation can
reduce economic
and social problems
25.18
Amazonas
24.42
Ayacucho
23.54
Cajamarca
23.17
Apurimac
21.36
Huancavelica
17.64
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
COMPETITIVENESS - REGIONAL INDEX 2010
Source: Centrum Católica
70
80
CHALLENGE 4. Promote human capital formation to generate
value added
Professionals according to field (%)
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
1972
40.0
1993
30.0
2007
20.0
10.0
0.0
Ingeniería
y ciencias
Engineering
and
naturales
Science
Medicina
y biología
Medicine
and
Biology
Source: INEI National Censum1972, 1993, 2007 (CEPLAN 2009)
Laws,
Sciences
and
Leyes,Social
ciencias
sociales
Humanities
y humanidades
Otros
Others
CHALLENGE 5. Diversify the composition of output
2005
Agriculture
Mining
Electricity and Water
Commerce
10%
2011
Fishing
Manufacturing
Construction
Others Services
8%
Agriculture
Mining
Electricity and Water
Commerce
10%
1%
Fishing
Manufacturing
Construction
Others Services
7%
0.4%
5%
7%
38%
15%
39%
15%
2%
2%
7%
5%
15%
14%
% in Peruvian currency at constant 1994 prices
Source: INEI, BCR
CHALLENGE 5. Diversifing the export supply
Exports structure in Peru
2011 (46,270 MM)
Exports structure in Peru
1990 (USD 3,280 MM)
Agriculture
and
Forestry
5.7%
Fisheries
13.8%
Agriculture
and
Forestry
4.5%
Fisheries
6.8%
Textiles
11.1%
Textiles
4.3%
Chemicals
3.6%
Chemicals
2.7%
Minning
53.0%
Source: BCRP, SUNAT.
Others
7.0%
Metalurgy
and
Jewerly
6.7%
Minning
69.3%
Others
9.1%
Metalurgy
and
Jewerly
2.4%
CHALLENGE 6. Increase business
productivity and reduce the gap between
Small, Medium and Large Enterprise
60
Sales / worker(thousand US$)
50
Large
Enterprises
48,000 USD
Medium
Enterprises
27,000 USD
40
30
Small
Enterprises
8,000 USD
20
Microenterprises
3,150 USD
10
0
3
6
9
Employment (millons)
Source: FOROMIC (2009).
12
15
CHALLENGE 7. Enhance innovation
Ranking of competitiveness: Innovation
Brasil
Chile
44
46
57
63
78
Perú
113
Competencia
132
23
128
103
141
59
Calidad de la educación matemática y de la ciencia
127
87
83
126
113
135
Calidad del sistema educativo
115
124
72
107
86
128
Uso de las TIC
63
56
78
73
55
82
Gasto del Gobierno en tecnología
52
47
45
75
127
98
Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual
84
63
86
85
128
122
Disponibilidad del capital de riesgo
52
34
49
78
129
38
Gasto de las compañías en I+D
30
60
76
79
72
118
Calidad de los científicos en las instituciones de investigación
42
51
69
54
41
109
Colaboración entre Universidad- Industria en I+D
38
44
43
45
48
103
Disponibilidad de Científicos e Ingenieros
91
29
77
86
75
102
Capacidad de innovación
31
66
59
76
77
99
Patentes utilizadas por millón de habitantes
60
53
76
58
55
83
INNOVATION
General
Colombia México Argentina
Entorno favorable
Inversión
Desempeño
1 = Best
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
XIII UNCTAD
INNOVATION AND
TECHNOLOGY DAY
PUBLIC POLICY PROPOSALS
and ACHIEVEMENTS FOR
INNOVATION IN PERU
COMPETITIVENESS AGENDA 2012 – 2013
February 9th, 2012
SEVEN STRATEGIC PILLARS:
1.
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY &
INNOVATION
2.
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT, QUALITY &
PRODUCTIVE TRAINING
3.
INTERNATIONALIZATION
4.
INFRAESTRUCTURE
5.
INFORMATION AND
COMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
6.
FACILITATE BUSSINES ACTIVITIES
7.
ENVIROMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
¿ WHAT HAS PERU PROPOSED TO DO?
1. To invest in innovation (processes, products, services and new
organizational arrangements). De 0,15% a 0,7% en 2016
2. To establish a multisectoral institutional framework to foster the
development of Science, Technology and Innovation (STI).
Sept,2012
3. To support industries to diversify production and promote new
industries, generate more value added using traditional
technologies and adopting new ones CITEs and FUNDS
4. To decentralize the productive structure and close productivity
gaps
5. To promote the formation and improvement of human capital
and more participation of the private sector in STI
INVESTMENT ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
(2006)
PROPOSAL 1 : Investment on R & D.
GOAL: 0,7% del GDP- Regional average 0.6%
Source; CEPAL.
PROPOSAL 2: INNOVATION AS A MULTI SECTOR
RESPONSIBILITY. Institutional framework to link knowledge
and technology to businesses
Technical and
Professional
Education
Innovation
and
Quality
Infrastructure
and Logistics
Market
Orientation
GOOD PERUVIAN PRACTICES TO PROMOTE INNOVATION
Innovation
Technological Centers CITEs
Purpose: Access to technology and promotion of innovation
Agents for Technological Transfer between enterprises and R&D
institutions
Active presence of the private sector at the managerial level
Integrated in a NETWORK - RED de CITEs
Link between knowledge generation and productive activities
Strategic partner of enterprises
www.cites.pe
Network of CITEs according to the
descentralization process
Loreto:
CITEfrutas tropicales
y plantas medicinales.
CITEforestal
Piura:
CITEAgroindustrial
Cajamarca:
CITEminero
San Martin:
CITEcacao
Pucallpa:
U.T CITEmadera
Lima:
CITEmadera: Mueble
CITEccal: Cuero-Calzado
CITEmetalmecánico
CITElogistico GS1
CITEsoftware
CITEmarketing
Promote
regional
development,
productive
value
chains
and
competitive clusters
Ica:
CITEvid
Arequipa:
CITEconfecciones
CITEagrondustrial
CITEindustria textil camélidos IPAC
CITEagroalimentario de Majes
Operating
in process
Tacna:
CITEagroindustrial
ROLE AND SERVICES OF CITES
Innovation
R&D+i
projects
Product
Development
and Design
Lab
testing
Promote
the use of
standards
Logistics
management and ITC
Market driven value chain
Training
Quality System
Pilot Plants
Technical
Assistance
Technical
information
and
Technological
watch
Productivity and
Quality
improvement
ENTERPRISES
&
MARKETS
Technological
Transfer
R&D+i
QUALITY AND STANDARDIZATION FOR
FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS COMMITMENTS
CITEs are part of Technical Standards Comitees
Besides, CITEs run labs to test for norms compiance
e.g.:
 Wood and furniture (CITEmadera).
 Footwear and leather (CITEccal; ISO17025).
 Pisco, wine, wineyard and grape(CITEvid; ISO17025).
 Alpaca fiber - textile (CITEtextil de camélidos IPAC)Arequipa.
 R&D+i standards ( OTCITs).
GOOD PERUVIAN PRACTICES
Funds for
Innovation
Co-financing
Cooperating to compete
Innovation funds
PRODUCERS,
ORGANIZATIONS
& ENTREPRENEURS
COMPETITIVENESS
 QUALITY AND SAFETY STANDARDS

VOLUME
 DESIGN
 MARKET PRICES
Technological
Innovation
 PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
 QUALITY AND SAFETY
TECHNOLOGY
PARTNERS
 DESIGN AND PACKAGING
M
A
R
K
E
t
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FUNDS
FINCYT I ( 2008-2012)
36 million US dollars
 IDB Nº 1663/OC-PE
Funds granted since 2010:
US$ 62´000,000
 Financing up to 75% of 2 different kinds of proyects
FINCYT II ( 2012-2015)
100 million US dollars. Start : 2nd Half 2012
XIII UNCTAD
INNOVATION AND
TECHNOLOGY DAY
Competitiveness ranking 2011: 67
Global Innovation Ranking 2011:
113
634 Patents
4,965 researchers
2021 GOALS
Competitiveness ranking 2021: 40
Global Innovation Ranking 2021:
70
6,000 Patents
20,000 Researchers
… Future depends on all of us
THANKS
José Urquizo Maggia
Ministry of Production - Peru
INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY DAY