Transcript Descriptions-noun

Descriptions-nouns
•el/la muchacho/a
boy/girl
•el/la chico/a
the boy/girl
•el/la niño/a
child
•el/la bebé
baby
•el/la amigo/a
friend
•el/la alumno/a
student
•el/la estudiante
student
•el/la profesor/a
teacher
•la ciudad
city
…Descriptions-noun
•el/la novio/a
girlfriend/boyfriend/fiánce
•la mujer
woman
•el hombre
man
una mujer
un hombre
dos mujeres
dos hombres
•débil
Descriptions -Adjectives
weak
•fuerte
strong
•joven
young
•viejo/a
old
•tímido/a
timid/shy
•tonto/a
foolish/stupid
•simpático/a
friendly/pleasant
•antipático/a
unfriendly/mean
•fácil
easy
•difícil
difficult
Descriptions - Adjectives
•delgado(a)/flaco(a)
thin/skinny
•alto/a
tall
•bajo/a
short
•guapo/a
handsome
•bonito/a
pretty
•lindo/a
beautiful
•feo/a
ugly
•moreno/a
dark haired
•interesante
interesting
Descriptions - Adjectives
• rubio/a
blonde
• pelirojo/a
red
• gordo/a
fat
• gracioso/a
funny
• serio/a
serious
• ambicioso/a
ambitious
• perezoso/a
lazy
• bueno/a
good
• mal
bad
Descriptions - Adjectives
•fantástico/a
fantastic
•sincero/a
sincere
•honesto/a
honest
•generoso/a
generous
•grande
large
•pequeño/a
small
Los niños son bajos,
morenos, y simpáticos
Descriptions – Nationality
•americano/a
American
•chileno/a
Chilian
•colombiano/a
Columbian
•cubano/a
Cuban
•mexicano/a
Mexican
•puertorriqueño/a
Puerto Rican
•venezolano/a
Venezuelan
***Note that nationalities are not capitalized in Spanish
•¿quién?
Questions?
who?
•¿qué?
what?
•¿cómo?
how? what?
•¿de dónde?
from where?
•¿dónde?
where?
•¿a dónde?
to where?
•¿por qué?
why?
•¿cuándo?
when?
•¿cuál?
which?
•¿cuántos/as?
how many?
Answers
•hay
there are
•mucho
a lot
•poco
few
•mismo
same
•bastante
somewhat
•muy
very
•de ninguna manera
by no means
•sí
yes
•no
no
In Spanish everything matches in number and gender –
which is why adjectives can end in either – o or – a or can
be singular or plural. This is also why there are four ways
to say “the” and “a”.
The basic rule is that masculine nouns go with
masculine adjectives and articles, and
feminine nouns go with feminine adjectives
and articles.
La chica es seria - the girl is serious
El chico es serio – the boy is serious
Las chicas son serias – the girls are serious
Los chicos son serios – the boys are serious
First, determine number…..is it one… singular, or is it
more than one…plural?
la niña – the child
dos niños – two children
Second, determine the gender of the noun. Is it masculine or
feminine?
la niña – the little girl
el niño – the little boy
All nouns have gender. They are either
masculine or feminine. For example, words that
end in…
-l, -o, -n, -e, -r, -s
are usually masculine
Words that end in….
-a, -ción, -tad, -tud, -dad
are usually feminine
The idea that nouns have gender seems perfectly natural when the noun stands for a living
creature. This is because in English, living creatures often have different names, depending
upon whether they are male or female.
In Spanish the definite article (el/los, la/las = “the”)
is your clue as to whether a noun is masculine or
feminine. Remember that because everything must
match in # and gender there are four ways to say
“the” (masculine singular, masculine plural, feminine singular, feminine plural)
el/los = “the” for masculine nouns
la/las = “the” for feminine nouns
el escritorio = the desk
los escritorios = the desks
la escuela = the school
las escuelas = the schools
***(“el” become “los” when it is plural and “la” becomes “las” when it is plural)
In Spanish the in-definite article (un/unos and
una/unas = “a”) must also match the noun it
precedes and therefore there are four ways to say
“a” (masculine singular, masculine plural, feminine singular, feminine plural)
un/unos = “a” for masculine nouns
una/unas = “a” for feminine nouns
un escritorio = the desk
unos escritorios = the desks
una escuela = the school
unas escuelas = the schools
***(“un” becomes “unos” when it is plural and “una” becomes “unas” when it is plural)
When you learn a new noun, you should also learn its definite article
(el, la,… remember that they will change for plural nouns to los, las)
There are several reasons for this:
•You cannot predict the gender of most nouns.
One cannot predict the gender of a noun, except in the case of living
creatures. Do not try to analyze the nature of the object, looking for
some inherent masculinity or femininity. It won't work! Gender of
nouns is determined by the “root” of the word only.
•Not every noun that ends in -o is masculine, and not every noun
that ends in -a is feminine. (el mapa – the map is actually masculine)
•Many nouns end in letters other than -o or -a.
•The definite article (el, la) is your clue as to whether a noun is
masculine or feminine. (el mapa, la foto, el día, el agua)
Now give it a try…fill in with the correct
form of “the”
el
libro – book
los
libros – books
la
casa – house
casas – houses
el
abuelo - grandfather
las
los
la
abuela - grandmother
las
abuelas - grandmothers
las
ciudades - cities
abuelos - grandfathers
la
ciudad - city
el
vestido - dress
los
vestidos - dresses
la
universidad - university
las
universidades - universities
Now give it a try…fill in with the correct
form of “a”
un
libro – book
unos
libros – books
una
casa – house
casas – houses
un
abuelo - grandfather
unas
unos
una
abuela - grandmother
unas
abuelas - grandmothers
unas
ciudades - cities
abuelos - grandfathers
una
ciudad - city
un
vestido - dress
unos
vestidos - dresses
una
universidad - university
unas
universidades - universities
La chica es bonita
•The girl is pretty
El chico es guapo
•The boy is handsome
Las chicas son bonitas
•The girls are pretty
Los chicos son guapos
•The boys are handsome
In Spanish.
Everything must
match in number
and gender. The
adjectives
(descriptions)
must match the
noun they
modify.Use the
verb “ser” or “to
be” to describe
things.
First, you must know the subjects, or people or things who
can complete the action of the verb:
I
we
you
you all
he, she, it
they
•In English, there are 8 different subjects who can
complete the action of a verb. For example, the verb “to
be” would conjugate as:
•I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, you all are, they are
•Now, try this with any verb, “to speak” for example:
I speak, you speak, he/she/it speaks, we speak, you all
speak, they speak
In Spanish, the subject pronouns are as follows:
I = yo
you (friendly) = tú
he = él
she = ella
you (respectful) = usted
we = nosotros (boys and girls mixed)
nosotras = (girls only)
(see below for you all)
they = ellos (boys and girls mixed)
ellas (girls only)
you all (friendly/respectful) = ustedes
***Note, there are two way to say “you” = the friendly form (tú) and
the respectful form “usted”. However, there is only one way to say
“you all” (either to a group of friends or showing respect, as if
speaking to members of the senate), which is “ustedes”
Yo soy simpático – I am friendly.
La chica es bonita – The girl is pretty.
ser – to be
soy - I am
somos – we are
eres – you are
es – he, she, it is, you son – they, you all
(formal) are
are
Now you try….
The girls are pretty.
The man is old
I am friendly.
Las chicas son bonitas.
El hombre es viejo.
Yo soy simpático.
You are honest (to a female friend) Tú eres honesta.
We are students.
Nosotros somos estudiantes.
¿Cómo es el hombre?
El hombre es guapo.
El hombre es delgado.
El hombre es alto.
¿Cómo es la mujer?
La mujer es bonita.
La mujer es peliroja.
La mujer es simpática.
¿Cómo
son los niños?
Los niños son pelirojos.
Los niños son bajos.
Los niños son jovenes.
(Ellos son los hijos de tu profesora. Son preciosos, ¿No?)
¿Cómo es la ciudad de Madrid?
Es una ciudad muy linda. Es grande y es
española.
Click here to take a practice quiz