Transcript Slajd 1 - Lublin

My country - Poland
The famous Polish landmarks
By Magdalena Kosobucka 6 D
What I describe?
1. Wawel Castle
2. St. Mary’s Basilica
3. Lublin Castle
4. Sigismund’s Column
5. Malbork Castle
6. Royal Castle in Warsaw
7. Majdanek Concentration Camp
8. Wilanów Palace
9. Łazienki Palace
10. Krakow Gate
11. Crown Tribune
12. Palace of Culture and Science
Wawel Castle
The Gothic Wawel Castle in Cracow in Poland was built at the behest of Casimir III
the Great and consists of a number of structures situated around the central
courtyard. In the 14th century it was rebuilt by Jogaila and Jadwiga of Poland.
Their reign saw the addition of the tower called the Hen's Foot and the Danish
Tower. The Jadwiga and Jogaila Chamber, in which the sword Szczerbiec, was used
in coronation ceremonies, is exhibited today and is another remnant of this
period. Other structures were developed on the hill during that time as well, in
order to serve as quarters for the numerous clergy, royal clerks and craftsmen.
Defensive walls and towers such as Jordanka, Lubranka, Sandomierska, Tęczyńska,
Szlachecka, Złodziejska and Panieńska were erected in the same period.
St. Mary’s Basilica
St. Mary's Basilica, is a Brick Gothic church re-built in the 14th century
(originally built in the early 13th century), adjacent to the Main Market Square
in Krakow, Poland. Standing 80 m (262 ft) tall, it is particularly famous for its
wooden altarpiece carved by Wit Stwosz.
On every hour, a trumpet signal—called the Hejnał Mariacki—is played from the
top of the taller of St. Mary's two towers. The plaintive tune breaks off in midstream, to commemorate the famous 13th century trumpeter, who was shot in
the throat while sounding the alarm before the Mongol attack on the city. The
noon-time hejnał is heard across Poland and abroad broadcast live by the Polish
national Radio 1 Station.
Lublin Royal Castle
The Lublin Castle is a medieval castle situated in Lublin, Poland, adjacent to the Old
Town district and close to the city center. It is one of the oldest preseved Royal
residencies in Poland, established by king Casimir II the Just.
The hill on which it is located was first fortified with a wood-reinforced earthen wall in
the 12th century. In the first half of the 13th century the stone keep was built which
survives to this day and is the tallest building of the castle, as well as the oldest standing
building in the whole city. In the 14th century, during the reign of Casimir the Great, the
castle was rebuilt with stone walls. Probably at the same time the castle's Holy Trinity
church was built to serve as a royal chapel. In the first decades of the 15th century king
Władysław II commissioned a set of wall paintings for the chapel, which were completed
in 1418 and are preserved to this day. The author was a Ruthenian Master Andrej, who
signed his work on one of the walls. Due to their unique style, mixing Western and
Eastern Orthodox influences, they are acclaimed internationally as an important
historical monument.
Sigismund’s Column
Sigismund's Column, erected in 1644, is one of Warsaw's most famous landmarks and
one of the oldest secular monuments in northern Europe. The column and statue
commemorate King Sigismund III Vasa, who in 1596 had moved Poland's capital from
Kraków to Warsaw.
Władysław IV Vasa. It was designed by the Italian-born architect Constantino Tencalla
and the sculptor Clemente Molli, and cast by Daniel Tym.
On 1 September 1944, during the Warsaw Uprising, the monument was demolished by
the Germans, and its bronze statue was badly damaged. After the war the statue was
repaired, and in 1949 it was set up on a new column, made of granite from the
Strzegom mine, a couple of meters from the original site. The original broken pieces of
the column can still be seen lying next to the Royal Castle.
Malbork Castle
The Castle in Malbork was built in Prussia by the Teutonic Order, a German Roman
Catholic religious order, as an fortified castle of their. The Order named it
Marienburg (Mary's Castle). The town which grew around it was also named
Marienburg. Since 1945, when it became part of the nation of Poland after World
War II, it has been called Malbork.
The castle is a classic example of a medieval fortress, and on its completion in 1406
was the world’s largest brick Gothic castle. UNESCO designated the "Castle of the
Teutonic Order in Malbork" and its museum as World Heritage Sites in December
1997. It is one of two World Heritage Sites in the region with origins in the Teutonic
Order.
Royal Castle in Warsaw
The Royal Castle in Warsaw is a castle residency and was the official residence of
the Polish monarchs. It is located in the Castle Square, at the entrance to the
Warsaw Old Town. The personal offices of the king and the administrative offices of
the Royal Court of Poland were located there from the 16th century until the
Partitions of Poland. In its long history the Royal Castle was repeatedly devastated
and plundered by Swedish, Brandenburgian, German, and Russian armies.
The Constitution of 3 May 1791, Europe's first modern codified national
constitution, as well as the second-oldest national constitution in the world, was
drafted here by the Four-Year Sejm. In the 19th century, after the collapse of the
November Uprising, it was used as an administrative center by the Tsar. Between
1926 and World War II the palace was the seat of the Polish president, Ignacy
Mościcki. After the devastation done by Nazis, during Warsaw Uprising, Castle was
rebuilt and reconstructed. In 1980, Royal Castle, together with the Old Town was
registry in UNESCO World Heritage Site. Today it is a historical and national
monument, and is listed as a national museum.
Majdanek Concentration Camp
Majdanek was a German Nazi concentration camp on the outskirts of Lublin,
Poland, established during German Nazi occupation of Poland. The camp
operated from October 1, 1941 until July 22, 1944, when it was captured nearly
intact by the advancing Soviet Red Army. Although conceived as a forced labor
camp and not as an extermination camp, over 79,000 people died there (59,000
of them Polish Jews) during the 34 months of its operation.
The name 'Majdanek‘ derives from the nearby Majdan Tatarski district of Lublin,
and was given to the camp in 1941 by the locals, who were aware of its
existence. In Nazi documents, and for reasons related to its funding, Majdanek
was initially "Prisoner of War Camp of the Waffen-SS in Lublin". It was renamed
"Konzentrationslager Lublin" (Concentration Camp Lublin) in February 1943.
Among German Nazi concentration camps, Majdanek was unusual in that it was
located near a major city, not hidden away at a remote rural location. It is also
notable as the best-preserved concentration camp of the Holocaust - as it was
close to the former Soviet border, there was too little time for the Nazis to
destroy the evidence before the Red Army arrived.
Wilanów Palace
Wilanów Palace is a royal palace located in the Wilanów district, Warsaw.
Wilanów Palace survived the time of Poland's partitions and both World
Wars and has preserved its authentic historical qualities, also is one of the
most important monuments of Polish culture.
The palace and park in Wilanów is not only a priceless testimony to the
splendour of Poland in the past, but also a place for cultural events and
concerts, including Summer Royal Concerts in the Rose Garden and the
International Summer Old Music Academy. Since 2006, the palace is a
member of the international association of European Royal Residences.
Łazienki Palace
The building began as a bathhouse for Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski.
The marble building was constructed before 1683 according to design by Tylman
Gamerski. Finished in 1689, it was intended to serve as a bathhouse, habitable
pavilion and a garden grotto. Interiors of the newly built structure were
embellished with profuse stucco decorations, also designed by Gamerski. Among
the decorations were water deities surrounding the main decorational feature of
the pavilion - the fountain. Other chambers had richly decorated plafonds and
supraportes, while the walls were covered with Delft tiles. The façades and
interiors were decorated with sculptures, reliefs and Latin inscriptions.
The palace is built on an artificial island that divides the lake into two parts, a
smaller northern lake and a larger southern one. The palace is connected to the
surrounding park by two Ionic colonnaded bridges. The façades are unified by an
entablature carried by giant Corinthian pilasters that link its two floors and are
crowned by a balustrade that bears statues of mythologic figures. The north
façade is relieved by a central pedimented portico. On the south front, a deep
central recess lies behind a screen of Corinthian columns.
Krakow Gate
Within the walls of the city of Lublin were, in addition to the towers and ports, only two gates.
One of them is the Cracow Gate, undoubtedly a symbol of the historic Lublin. Arose about the
middle of the fourteenth century, together with the surrounding walls of Lublin after the
terrible invasion of the Tatars in Lublin in 1341. Gates: Krakow and Grodzka were on the old
trade route from Cracow to Lithuania and Russia. In the old city's books is called The Cracow
Gate Gate Higher always, unlike Grodzka Gate located in the lower part of the city. Originally
formed part of the lower gate, and was completed with pointed crenelage high roof. To the city
ran a drawbridge over a deep moat (filled up in the seventeenth century) and Harrow - or iron
grating in the gate.
In the fifteenth century, the first time took place the first changes in her appearance. The fires
of 1515 and 1575 years have necessitated the rebuilding of the Gate. Probably arrived in the
sixteenth century octagonal upper part and Gateway for strengthening the defense of the gate.
It is known that in the sixteenth century gate had porches for trumpeters and musicians who
"for the pleasure of residents have won a beautiful song on their instruments ", and the city
clock. Children's Gate became the main commercial center of the city. In the seventeenth
century Cracow Gate began to lose its validity - and the whole complex of its city walls, poor
state of repair meant that in 1656, Lublin even defended itself against the Cossacks. In later
years, was rather used for residential purposes - for trumpet, director of portal and for the city
clock.
Crown Tribunal
Crown Tribunal was the highest appeal court in the Crown of the Polish Kingdom
for most cases, exceptions being the cases were a noble landowner was
threatened with loss of life and/or property - then he could appeal to the Sejm
court (parliament court).
In 1578 king Stefan Batory created the Crown Tribunal in order to reduce the
enormous pressure on the Royal Court. This placed much of the monarchs
juridical power in the hands of the elected szlachta deputies, further
strengthening the nobility class. In 1581 the Crown Tribunal was joined by a
counterpart in Lithuania, the Lithuanian Tribunal.
Palace of Culture
The Palace of Culture and Science in Warsaw is the tallest building in Poland, the
eighth tallest building in the European Union. From 1955 to 1957 it was the tallest
building in Europe. It is now the 187th tallest building in the world.
Construction started in 1952 and lasted until 1955. A gift from the Soviet Union to
the people of Poland, the tower was constructed, using Soviet plans, almost
entirely by 3500 workers from the Soviet Union, of whom 16 died in accidents
during the construction. The Soviets were housed at a new suburban complex at
Poland's expense, complete with its own cinema, food court, community centre
and the swimming pool. The architecture of the building is closely related to
several similar skyscrapers built in the Soviet Union of the same era, most notably
the Moscow State University. However, the main architect Lev Rudnev incorporated
some Polish architectural details into the project by traveling around Poland and
seeing the architecture. The monumental walls are headed with pieces of masonry
copied from renaissance houses and palaces of Kraków and Zamość.
Thanks for watching
my presentation!