Transcript CVFD Training – Forcible Entry

CVFD Training – Forcible Entry
SFFMA Training Objectives:
2-01.01 – 2-01.02
Cutting Tools
• Manually operated/powered
• Often specific to types of materials they cut
• No single tool safely/efficiently cuts all
materials
• Using tool on materials for which it is not
designed can cause problems
Firefighter I
9–2
Axes
• Most common
types of cutting
tools
• Two basic types
– Pick-head
– Flat-head
• Smaller axes and hatchets
Firefighter I
9–3
Pick-Head Axe
• Available with 6-pound or 8-pound (2.7 or 3.6
kg) head
• Used for cutting, prying, digging
• Handle either wood or fiberglass
• Effective for chopping through variety of
materials
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–4
Pick-Head Axe
• Pick end can be used to penetrate materials
that resist being cut by blade
• Blade can be used as striking tool
• Most often used in structural fire fighting
operations
Firefighter I
9–5
Flat-Head Axe
• Available in 6-pound or 8-pound (2.7 or 3.6
kg) head weights
• Wooden or fiberglass handle
• Used to chop through same materials as pickhead axe
• Blade can be used for same purposes as pickhead axe
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–6
Flat-Head Axe
• Used in conjunction with other tools to force
entry
• Commonly carried with Halligan bar; set
known as “irons”
• Used in both structural and wildland fire
fighting operations
Firefighter I
9–7
Metal Cutting Devices
• Bolt cutters
– Used in forcible entry in a variety of ways
– Advancement in security technology has
limited use
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–8
Metal Cutting Devices
• Rebar cutters
– Powered version
– Manual version
– Used to cut rebar
when breaching
concrete
– Used to cut security bars on windows/doors
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–9
Metal Cutting Devices
• Oxyacetylene cutting
torches
– Hand-carried and wheeled
units
– Cut through heavy metal components
– Generate flame temperature more than
5,700ºF (3 149ºC)
– Cut through iron, steel with ease
– Use diminishing in fire service
Firefighter I
(Continued)
9–10
Metal Cutting Devices
Oxygasoline cutting torches
– Relatively new system
– Conventional cutting torch,
dual-hose
– Produce cutting flame in
range of 2,800ºF (1 538ºC)
– Fully functional under water
– Advantages
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–11
Metal Cutting Devices
• Burning bars
– Exothermic cutting rods
– Ultra-high temperature cutting device, capable
of cutting virtually any metallic, nonmetallic, or
composite material
– Cut through concrete or masonry
– Cut through metals much faster
– Temperatures above 10,000ºF (5 538ºC)
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–12
Metal Cutting Devices
• Plasma arc cutters
– Ultrahigh-temperature metal-cutting devices with
temperatures as high as 25,000ºF (13 871ºC)
– Require power supply, one of several compressed
gases
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–13
Metal Cutting Devices
• Exothermic cutting flares
– Used for cutting metal or
concrete
– Size/shape of fusees or
highway flares
– Produce 6,800ºF (3 760ºC)
flame lasting 15 seconds to
two minutes
– Advantages
Firefighter I
Courtesy of Pyrotechnic Tool
Co.
(Continued)
9–14
Metal Cutting Devices
• Handsaws
– May be needed when
power saw unavailable
– Include carpenter’s
handsaw, keyhole saw,
hacksaw, drywall saw
– Extremely slow in
comparison to power saws
Firefighter I
(Continued)
9–15
Metal Cutting Devices
• Power saws
– Most useful tools in fire service
– Types include circular, rotary, reciprocating, chain,
ventilation saws
– Many able to run on AC and DC power
– Safety issues
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–16
Metal Cutting Devices
• Circular saws
– Useful when electrical
power readily available
and heavier, bulkier saws
too difficult to handle
– Small battery-powered
units available
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–17
Metal Cutting Devices
• Rotary saws
– Usually gasoline powered with changeable blades
– Different blades available based on material
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–18
Metal Cutting Devices
• Reciprocating saw
– Blade moves in/out similar
to handsaw
– Variety of blades
– When equipped with metal-cutting blade, ideal for
cutting sheet metal, structural components on
vehicles
– Battery-powered available
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–19
Metal Cutting Devices
• Chain saw
– Used for years by logging industry
– Useful during natural disasters
– Commonly used as ventilation tool
Firefighter I
9–20
Prying Tools
• Useful for opening doors, windows, locks, and
moving heavy objects
• Manually operated types use principle of lever
and fulcrum
• Hydraulic can be powered or manual
Firefighter I
9–21
Manual Prying Tools
• Some can be used as
striking tools; most
cannot
• Use only for intended
purpose for safe and
efficient operation
Firefighter I
9–22
Hydraulic Prying Tools
•
•
•
•
Effective in extrication rescues
Useful in forcible entry situations
Useful for prying, pushing, pulling
Rescue tools, hydraulic door opener
– Hydraulic spreader
– Hydraulic ram
– Hydraulic door opener
Firefighter I
9–23
Pushing/Pulling Tools
• Limited use in forcible entry
• Tools of choice when breaking glass, opening
walls or ceilings
• Includes variety of tools
• Pike poles, hooks give reach advantage
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–24
Pushing/Pulling Tools
• When using a pike pole to break a window, a
firefighter should stay upwind of window and
higher than window
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–25
Pushing/Pulling Tools
• Except for roofman’s hook, pike poles and
hooks should not be used for prying
• Pike pole’s strength is pushing or pulling
Firefighter I
9–26
Striking Tools
• Examples
• Sometimes only tool
required
• In forcible entry,
used with another
tool
• Dangerous when improperly used, carried, or
maintained
Firefighter I
9–27
Tool Use
• No single forcible entry tool provides a
firefighter with needed force/leverage to
handle all forcible entry situations
• Firefighters may have to combine two or more
tools to accomplish task
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–28
Tool Use
• Types of combinations carried
vary
• Most important consideration
is selecting proper tools for
job
• Preincident surveys help
determine necessary tools
Firefighter I
9–29
Forcible Entry Tool Considerations
• Become familiar with all tools used
• Read/follow manufacturers’ guidelines
• Use extreme caution in atmospheres that
could be explosive
• Keep tools in properly designated places on
apparatus
Firefighter I
9–30
Prying Tool Safety
• Using incorrectly can cause serious injury or
damage the tool
• If job cannot be done with tool, do not strike
handle of tool; use larger tool
• Do not use prying tool as striking tool unless
designed for purpose
Firefighter I
9–31
Rotary Saw Safety
• Use with extreme care
• Blades from different manufacturers may look
alike but not be interchangeable
• Twisting caused by spinning blade a hazard
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–32
Rotary Saw Safety
• Start all cuts at full rpm
• Store blades in clean, dry environment
• Do not store composite blades in
compartment where gasoline fumes
accumulate
Firefighter I
9–33
Other Power Saw Safety
•
•
•
•
Match saw to task and material
Never force saw beyond design limitations
Wear proper PPE
Fully inspect saw before/after use
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–34
Other Power Saw Safety
• Do not use when working
in flammable atmosphere
• Maintain situational
awareness
• Keep
unprotected/nonessential
people out of work area
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–35
Other Power Saw Safety
• Follow manufacturer’s guidelines for
operation
• Keep blades/chains well sharpened
• Be aware of hidden hazards
Firefighter I
9–36
Carrying Forcible Entry Tools
• Axes
– If not in scabbard, carry with
blade away from body
– With pick-head axe, grasp pick
with hand to cover
– Never carry on shoulder
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–37
Carrying Forcible Entry Tools
• Prying tools — Carry with any pointed/
sharp edges away from body
• Combinations of tools — Strap tool
combinations together
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–38
Carrying Forcible Entry Tools
• Pike poles and hooks
– Carry with tool head down, close to ground,
ahead of body
– When entering building, carefully reposition tool
and carry with head upright close to body
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–39
Carrying Forcible Entry Tools
• Striking tools
– Keep heads close to ground
– Maintain firm grip
• Power tools
– Never carry running tool more than 10 feet (3 m)
– Transport to where working, start there
Firefighter I
9–40
General Care/Maintenance of Forcible
Entry Tools
• Forcible entry tools function as designed when
properly maintained
• Tool failure on fireground may have harsh
consequences
• Always read manufacturers’ recommended
maintenance guidelines
Firefighter I
9–41
Care of Wooden Handles
•
•
•
•
•
Inspect for cracks, blisters, splinters
Sand if necessary
Wash with mild detergent and rinse, wipe dry
Do not soak in water
Apply coat of boiled linseed oil
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–42
Care of Wooden Handles
• Do not paint/varnish
handle
• Check tightness of
tool head
• Limit amount of
surface area covered with paint for tool
marking
Firefighter I
9–43
Care of Fiberglass Handles
• Wash with mild detergent, rinse, and wipe dry
• Check for damage, cracks
• Check tightness of tool head
Firefighter I
9–44
Care of Cutting Edges
•
•
•
•
Inspect cutting edge
Replace cutting heads when required
File cutting edges by hand
Sharpen blade as specified in SOP
Firefighter I
9–45
Care of Plated Surfaces
• Inspect for damage
• Wipe clean or wash with mild detergent,
water
Firefighter I
9–46
Care of Unprotected Metal Surfaces
•
•
•
•
Keep free of rust
Oil metal surface lightly
Do not paint metal surfaces
Inspect metal for chips, cracks, sharp edges;
file off when found
Firefighter I
9–47
Care of Axe Heads
• How well maintained directly affects
performance
• DO NOT PAINT
Firefighter I
9–48
Power Equipment
• Read, follow
manufacturers’
instructions
• Be sure battery packs
fully charged
• Inspect periodically; ensure will start manually
(Continued)
Firefighter I
9–49
Power Equipment
• Check blades for damage, wear
• Replace damaged, worn blades
• Check electrical components for cuts, other
damage
• Ensure all guards functional, in place
• Ensure fuel is fresh; mixture may separate,
degrade over time
Firefighter I
9–50