Transcript The Resurgence of Conservatism, 1980–1992

Chapter 40
The Resurgence
of Conservatism,
1980–1992
Question
All of the following were true of Proposition 13
EXCEPT
a) Californians staged a “tax revolt” in 1978.
b) it slashed property taxes and forced painful
cuts in government services.
c) it had little effect on other state capitals and
even less on Congress.
d) Ronald Reagan rode this political shock
wave to presidential victory in 1980.
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Answer
All of the following were true of Proposition 13
EXCEPT
a) Californians staged a “tax revolt” in 1978.
b) it slashed property taxes and forced painful
cuts in government services.
c) it had little effect on other state capitals and
even less on Congress. (correct)
d) Ronald Reagan rode this political shock
wave to presidential victory in 1980.
Hint: See page 1034.
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Question
All of the following were true of Supply-side Economics
EXCEPT
a) it was the economic theory that underlay Ronald Reagan’s tax
and spending cuts.
b) contrary to Keynesianism, supply-side theory declared that
government policy should aim to increase the supply of goods
and services, rather than the demand for them.
c) it held that lower taxes and decreased regulation would
increase productivity by providing increased incentives to work
thus increasing productivity and the tax base.
d) it narrowed the gap between the richest and poorest
Americans.
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Answer
All of the following were true of Supply-side Economics
EXCEPT
a) it was the economic theory that underlay Ronald Reagan’s tax
and spending cuts.
b) contrary to Keynesianism, supply-side theory declared that
government policy should aim to increase the supply of goods
and services, rather than the demand for them.
c) it held that lower taxes and decreased regulation would
increase productivity by providing increased incentives to work
thus increasing productivity and the tax base.
d) it narrowed the gap between the richest and poorest
Americans. (correct)
Hint: See page 1035.
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Question
All of the following were true of the Strategic Defense
Initiative EXCEPT
a) this strategy typified Reagan’s cautious, conservative approach
to foreign policy.
b) it wagered the enormous sum of Reagan’s defense budgets on
the hope that the other side would not call Washington’s bluff
and initiate a new cycle of arms competition.
c) Reagan played his trump card in this risky game in March
1983, when he announced his intention to pursue a hightechnology missile-defense system popularly known as Star
Wars.
d) the plan called for orbiting battle stations in space that could
fire laser beams or other forms of concentrated energy to
vaporize intercontinental missiles on liftoff.
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Answer
All of the following were true of the Strategic Defense
Initiative EXCEPT
a) this strategy typified Reagan’s cautious, conservative approach
to foreign policy. (correct)
b) it wagered the enormous sum of Reagan’s defense budgets on
the hope that the other side would not call Washington’s bluff
and initiate a new cycle of arms competition.
c) Reagan played his trump card in this risky game in March
1983, when he announced his intention to pursue a hightechnology missile-defense system popularly known as Star
Wars.
d) the plan called for orbiting battle stations in space that could
fire laser beams or other forms of concentrated energy to
vaporize intercontinental missiles on liftoff.
Hint: See page 1036.
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Question
All of the following were true of Reagan’s Central American
policy EXCEPT he
a) sent military “advisers” to prop up the pro-American
government of El Salvador.
b) provided covert aid to the rebel “contras” opposing
the anti-American government of Nicaragua.
c) rejected a plan for CIA-engineered mining of harbors
in Nicaragua.
d) dispatched a heavy-firepower invasion force to the
island of Grenada, where a military coup had killed
the prime minister and brought Marxists to power.
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Answer
All of the following were true of Reagan’s Central American
policy EXCEPT he
a) sent military “advisers” to prop up the pro-American
government of El Salvador.
b) provided covert aid to the rebel “contras” opposing
the anti-American government of Nicaragua.
c) rejected a plan for CIA-engineered mining of harbors
in Nicaragua. (correct)
d) dispatched a heavy-firepower invasion force to the
island of Grenada, where a military coup had killed
the prime minister and brought Marxists to power.
Hint: See page 1037.
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Question
All of the following were true of Glasnost and Perestroika
EXCEPT
a) Glasnost, or “openness,” aimed to ventilate the secretive,
repressive stuffiness of Soviet society by introducing free
speech and a measure of political liberty.
b) Perestroika meant “restructuring,” of the moribund Soviet
economy by adopting many of the free-market practices.
c) both required that the Soviet Union shrink the size of its
enormous military machine and redirect its energies to the
dismal civilian economy.
d) that requirement necessitated a continuation of the
Cold War.
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Answer
All of the following were true of Glasnost and Perestroika
EXCEPT
a) Glasnost, or “openness,” aimed to ventilate the secretive,
repressive stuffiness of Soviet society by introducing free
speech and a measure of political liberty.
b) Perestroika meant “restructuring,” of the moribund Soviet
economy by adopting many of the free-market practices.
c) both required that the Soviet Union shrink the size of its
enormous military machine and redirect its energies to the
dismal civilian economy.
d) that requirement necessitated a continuation of the
Cold War. (correct)
Hint: See page 1039.
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Question
All of the following were true of the Intermediate-range
Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty EXCEPT
a) Gorbachev announced in April 1985 that the USSR would
cease to deploy intermediate-range nuclear forces (INF)
targeted on Western Europe.
b) a summit meeting, in Reykjavik, Iceland broke down when a
furious Reagan stormed out, convinced that Gorbachev had
come to end plans for the beloved SDI.
c) the two leaders never signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear
Forces (INF) Treaty, banning all of these missiles
from Europe.
d) Reagan was flexible and savvy enough to seize a historic
opportunity to join with the Soviet chief to bring the Cold War to
a kind of conclusion.
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Answer
All of the following were true of the Intermediate-range
Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty EXCEPT
a) Gorbachev announced in April 1985 that the USSR would
cease to deploy intermediate-range nuclear forces (INF)
targeted on Western Europe.
b) a summit meeting, in Reykjavik, Iceland broke down when a
furious Reagan stormed out, convinced that Gorbachev had
come to end plans for the beloved SDI.
c) the two leaders never signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear
Forces (INF) Treaty, banning all of these missiles
from Europe. (correct)
d) Reagan was flexible and savvy enough to seize a historic
opportunity to join with the Soviet chief to bring the Cold War to
a kind of conclusion.
Hint: See page 1039.
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Question
All of the following were true of the Iran-Contra Affair
EXCEPT
a) it cast a dark shadow over the Reagan record in foreign policy.
b) it tended to obscure the president’s outstanding achievement in
establishing a new relationship with the Soviets.
c) a picture emerged of Reagan as a lazy, perhaps even senile,
president who napped through meetings and paid little or no
attention to the details of policy.
d) Reagan lost his position as among the most popular and
beloved presidents in modern American history.
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Answer
All of the following were true of the Iran-Contra Affair
EXCEPT
a) it cast a dark shadow over the Reagan record in foreign policy.
b) it tended to obscure the president’s outstanding achievement in
establishing a new relationship with the Soviets.
c) a picture emerged of Reagan as a lazy, perhaps even senile,
president who napped through meetings and paid little or no
attention to the details of policy.
d) Reagan lost his position as among the most popular and
beloved presidents in modern American history. (correct)
Hint: See page 1041.
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Question
All of the following were true of the Moral Majority EXCEPT
a) the Reverend Jerry Falwell, an evangelical minister from
Lynchburg, Virginia, founded this political organization.
b) Falwell preached with great success against sexual
permissiveness, abortion, feminism, and the spread of gay
rights.
c) the Moral Majority never registered more than 2
million voters.
d) it reached huge audiences in the 1980s, collected millions of
dollars, and became aggressive political advocates of
conservative causes.
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Answer
All of the following were true of the Moral Majority EXCEPT
a) the Reverend Jerry Falwell, an evangelical minister from
Lynchburg, Virginia, founded this political organization.
b) Falwell preached with great success against sexual
permissiveness, abortion, feminism, and the spread of gay
rights.
c) the Moral Majority never registered more than 2
million voters. (correct)
d) it reached huge audiences in the 1980s, collected millions of
dollars, and became aggressive political advocates of
conservative causes.
Hint: See page 1043.
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Question
All of the following were true of the Commonwealth of
Independent States EXCEPT
a) in December 1991, Gorbachev resigned as Soviet
president.
b) the Soviet Union dissolved into its component parts,
some fifteen republics loosely confederated.
c) few of the new governments in the CIS repudiated
communism and embraced democratic reforms and
free-market economies.
d) Russia was the most powerful state and Yeltsin the
dominant leader.
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Answer
All of the following were true of the Commonwealth of
Independent States EXCEPT
a) in December 1991, Gorbachev resigned as Soviet
president.
b) the Soviet Union dissolved into its component parts,
some fifteen republics loosely confederated.
c) few of the new governments in the CIS repudiated
communism and embraced democratic reforms and
free-market economies. (correct)
d) Russia was the most powerful state and Yeltsin the
dominant leader.
Hint: See page 1047.
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Question
All of the following were true of Operation Desert Storm
EXCEPT
a) Iraq made a bold military response to the air
campaign.
b) general Norman (“Stormin’ Norman”) Schwarzkopf,
took nothing for granted.
c) Saddam, who had threatened to wage “the mother of
all battles,” had the capacity to inflict awful damage.
d) Iraq had stockpiled tons of chemical and biological
weapons, including poison gas and the means to
spread epidemics of anthrax.
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Answer
All of the following were true of Operation Desert Storm
EXCEPT
a) Iraq made a bold military response to the air
campaign. (correct)
b) general Norman (“Stormin’ Norman”) Schwarzkopf,
took nothing for granted.
c) Saddam, who had threatened to wage “the mother of
all battles,” had the capacity to inflict awful damage.
d) Iraq had stockpiled tons of chemical and biological
weapons, including poison gas and the means to
spread epidemics of anthrax.
Hint: See page 1050.
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