Transcript CONDUCTION AN IP AUDIT KENYAN EXPERIENCE

Promoting Science and
Research for developing
Innovations and
Entrepreneurs
OGADA Tom
WIPO National Roving
Workshops on Intellectual
Property Strategy, Nampula,
February 9-10, 2006
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CONTENTS OF THE
PRESENTATION
Stages for technological development
Constraints for promoting Innovation
and Entrepreneurs through S&T
Innovation and Inventions Support
Systems
Examples of success from outside
Africa
Conclusions
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• Six Stages for
technological
development
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Stage One
Local Manpower
Have simple skills like driving
and assembly work
Supervisory work done by
expatriated
 Universities and R&D institutions
 Universities few and
concentrate on humanities
 R&D institution non-existence
 University –Industry Linkages
 Linkages Not existing
 TTr and commercialization of
R&D not practiced
 Concept of Intellectual Property
 Not known in universities and
R&D institutions
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Stage Two
Local Manpower
Train on supervision
Expatriate do general
management
 Universities and R&D institutions
 Universities start teaching
science and technology using
expatriate lecturers
 Locals sent abroad to acquire
high level training in science
and technology to built
capacity for university and R&D
research
 University –Industry Linkages
 Linkages Not existing and TT of
R&D not practiced
 Concept of Intellectual Property
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Stage Three
Local Manpower
Local capacity developed for
Svience, engineering and
technology
 Universities and R&D institutions
Locals start teaching and doing
research in universities and
R&D institutions
Bulk of research is funded from
abroad and meets the research
needs of foreign sponsors
University –Industry Linkages
Linkages and TT weak
 Concept of Intellectual Property
 Little attention given to IP
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Stage Four
Local Manpower
Local capacity in science,
engineering and technology
developed
Technologies developed
elsewhere is being adapted to
local conditions
Technologies developed
Universities and R&D institutions
Researchers start addressing
local problems
University –Industry Linkages
Linkages start coming up
Concept of Intellectual Property
IP embraced and annual
reports include IP generated
and registered
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Stage Five
Local Manpower
Local capacity in to produce
machines using local materials and
suitable for local conditions
Universities and R&D institutions
Local Scienstists and Researchers
involved in applied and demand
driven research
University –Industry Linkages
Linkages strong
Concept of Intellectual Property
IP integrated in to the research
culture of the university and R&D
institution
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Stage Six
Local Manpower
Local capacity available to
produce machines which
produce machines
Universities and R&D institutions
High level research
 University –Industry Linkages
 R&D institutions produce
industries
Concept of Intellectual Property
IP integrated in to the research
culture of the university and
R&D institution
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• Current
Characteristics of
Universities and R&D
Institutions
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Current Characteristics of
Universities and R&D
Institutions
Positive
There is adequate capacity for
STI
Our own are involved in teaching
and research at universities and
R&D institutions
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Current Characteristics of
Universities and R&D
Institutions
Negative
The contribution of universities and
R&D institutions on economic
development has remained poor
R&D are expensive investment and
the society expect a return on the
investment. Yet our findings remain
gathering dusts in the shelf
Likages with industries has remained
weak, yet experience from abroad
shows that it is only through
technology transfer that viable
linkages can be sustained
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• Constraints of
Promoting Innovation
and Entrepreneurs
through Science and
Research
13
Constraints from the
Industry
Limited contract and sponsored research
from the industry
Industry see universities as theoretical
Industry see universities as difficult to
deal with due to
Bureaucracy
Inability to meet deadlines
Inability to produce reports
Lack of accountability and
responsibility
Industry does not know of the
capability of universities and R&D
institutions
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Constraints from the
Universities and R&D
Institutions
No mechanisms for dealing with
industry
Prefer non-commercial
partnership which depends on
the goodwill of the industry
Lack skill for managing the
generation, protection and
commercial exploitation of R&D
Slow in decision making
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Constraints from the
Researcher
– Researchers do not have
business skills required to
convert their R&D findings into
products
– The process of
commercialization require
business. Marketing, legal ,
Negotiation and other skills
which are not found in a
researchers
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• Support Systems for
Promoting Innovation
and Entrepreneurs out of
R&D activities
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Support Systems
Business Incubation
Systems
Technology Transfer
Centers
University Based
Companies
Industry or science Parks
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Business Incubator
Coaches new business
and provide support until
maturity
Provides the following
services
Developing business plans
Marketing services
Financial services
Legal Services
Operating premises
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Technology Transfer
Offices
Obtained 66 Articles (1999-2004)
Links R&D institution with
industry
Manages the process of
generation, protection and
commercialization of R&D results
Undertake technology licensing
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Technology Parks
Connects researchers with
investors
Pilots new technologies
Generates companies
through spin-offs
Attract contract and
sponsored research
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University Based
Companies
Connects researchers with
investors
Pilots new technologies
Generates companies through
spin-offs
Attract contract and sponsored
research
Promotes consultancy and
shortcourses
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EXAMPLES
Germany
USA
Sweden
Mexico
Venezuela
Korea
India
Kenya
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GERMANY
Research Contracts
University of Aachen
32 000 students
800 employees based on CR
Technology Transfer Centers
Steinbeis Foundation
405 TTC
20 000 SMEs
82 million Euro generated
Business Incubation Services
Aachen Business Incubator
85 COMPANIES COACHED
SUCCESS RATE 80%
Graduation in three years
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SWEDEN
Technology or Science Park
Assist researchers to commercialize
innovation
Trains researchers on
entrepreneurship and Innovation
Supports high tech spin off
companies
Acts as business incubator
Chalmers University of Technology
Lack IP awareness by court 240 spin
off companies in 30 years
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USA
TTO within the university
important
Pressure on R&D to justify
investment
US AUTM reports a total of 3765
license agreements based on
technology transfer
Some US $ 1.26 billion earned in
2000 earned by universities
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MEXICO
Over 100 universities
140 technological institutions
Industries Collaborate with
universities and R&D
institutions in producing paten
table products
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VENEZUALA
Simon Bolivar University has
a company which links
industry and the university.
Through the company, the
university earned US$ 4
million in 2000
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Korea
Has an euivalent of siloc
valley
KAIST has
a business incubator
Technology Licensing Office
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India
Indian Institute of Technology
has a Foundation for
Innovation and Technology
Transfer
Organizes
entrepreneurship training
Promote contract research
Promote consultancy and
short courses
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KENYA
Three out of the six universities
have companies
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