Transcript Caffeine
Caffeine Dagmar Smětalová Tamara Franková Caffeine The "Discovery" of Coffee Legend has it that coffee was "discovered" around 850 AD in upper Egypt by a goat herded named Khaldi. One night, Khaldi's goats did not return home. When he found his goats, Khaldi saw them dancing around a shrub with red berries (coffee beans). After Khaldi tried some of the berries, he started to dance too. Khaldi spoke with some monks who used the berries to make a drink and....coffee was born! Other names - trimethylxanthine - coffeine - theine - mateine - guaranine - Methyltheobromine - 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine Occurrence Coffee Tee Guarana berries Occurrence Kola nut Yerba mate Cacao beans Chemical properties Alkaloid of the methylxanthine family Pure is bitter, odorless white powder Chemical formula - C8H10N4O2 systematic name: 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine or 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione Metabolism the first metabolic products: theophylline (4%) – relaxes muscles of the bronchii has been used as a treatment of asthma theobromine (12%) - the principal alkaloid in cocoa paraxanthine (84%) - increases lipolysis → treatment = léčba principal = hlavní elevated = zvýšení fatty acid = mastná kyselina elevated glycerol and free fatty acid levels in the blood plasma Metabolism Adenosine - naturally occurring xanthine, neurotransmitter - slows down the nerve cell activity Caffeine - similar molecule to adenosine → binds to the same receptors → blocks it →increased nerve activity → release of the hormone adrenaline bind = vázat se increased = zvýšený Effects: higher heart rate release = uvolnění heart rate = srdeční tep increased blood pressure liver = játra increased blood flow to muscles decreased blood flow to the skin and inner organs release of glucose by the liver Symptoms Other caffeine effects: • increase alertness • reduce fine motor coordination • cause insomnia • cause headaches, nervousness and dizziness • cause mild diuretic effect • increase the excretion of calcium from the body increase alertness = zvyšuje bdělost insomnila = nespavost headaches = bolesti hlavy nervousness = nervozita dizziness = závratě diuretic = močopudný Symptoms Masive doses → intoxication doses = dávky A) 250 mg per day: • nervousness • excitement • insomnia • flushed face • diuresis • gastrointestinal complaints • hallucinations = nervozita = podráždění = nespavost = zrudlý obličej = diuréza (vylučování moči) B) More than 1000 mg per day • muscle twitching • cardiac arrhythmia = škubání svalů Symptoms Lethal dose - 3 200 mg intravenously - LD50 = 150 - 200 mg/kg of body mass 170 mg/kg body weight -> the same as drinking 140 to 180 cups of coffee in rapid succession -> not an easy thing to do! lethal = smrtelný in rapid succession = rychle za sebou Half life = generaly around 5 hours Physical dependence = závislost Some studies show that caffeine causes physical dependence Withdrawal symptoms: • headache • fatigue • muscle pain = abstinenční příznaky = únava - can occur within 24 hours after the last dose of caffeine consumption = spotřeba Two studies: dependence = objevit se 1. minimum consumption of caffeine for physical dependence is 4 cups of coffee per day 2. a few more cups of coffee are needed to develop dependence. The effect of caffeine on spider web construction web of a drug-native spider web of a spider on LSD web of a spider on caffeine web of a spider on hashish Products Sources http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/caff.html http://en.wikipedia.org http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/webprojects2001/tillingwhycaffeine.htm