Transcript ATOMIC BOMB - World history

ATOMIC BOMB
On August 6 and 9, 1945,
the cities of Hiroshima
and Nagasaki were
destroyed by the first
atomic bombs used in
warfare.
Harry S. Truman, Diary, July 25,
1945
• This weapon is to be used against Japan
between now and August 10th. I have told
the Sec. of War, Mr. Stimson, to use it
so that military objectives and soldiers
and sailors are the target and not
women and children. Even if the Japs
are savages, ruthless, merciless and
fanatic, we as the leader of the world for
the common welfare cannot drop that
terrible bomb on the old capital or the new.
Little Boy
HIROSHIMA
• The smoke rising
from the midst of
the ring, glittering in
colors of red, white
and yellow, reached
an altitude of 8,000
meters in only 3 or
4 seconds.
EFFECTS ON HIROSHIMA
• Little Boy ended up killing between
130,000 to 150,000 people.
• The bomb leveled Hiroshima to the
ground. It exploded with the force of
12,000 tons of TNT. The heat from
the explosion exceeded 50 million
degrees Fahrenheit at the center of
the fireball.
Distance from
Ground Zero (km)
Killed
Injured
Population
0 - 1.0
26,700 (86%)
3,000 (10%)
31,200
1.0 - 2.5
39,600 (27%)
53,000 (37%)
144,800
2.5 - 5.0
1,700 (2%)
20,000 (25%)
80,300
Total
68,000 (27%)
76,000 (30%)
256,300
Nagasaki-type Atomic Bomb "Fatman"
The Nagasaki atomic bomb was nicknamed "Fatman" because of its shape.
The TNT implodes on the core of plutonium, causing nuclear fission.
NAGASAKI
• There is a history of ties to the Western world
unique to Nagasaki. This was the first port of
entry for the Portuguese when Japan was
opened to them in 1571. The Dutch maintained
a foothold on Deshirna in the bay when the rest
of Japan was sealed off from the outside world
by the Foreign Exclusion Act in 1636. The Dutch
brought modern medicine to Japan through
Nagasaki. Roman Catholic priests, despite
persecution, maintained a Christian hold within
the city, and their followers were among those
who suffered the most in the bombing
EFFECTS ON NAGASAKI
• Caused by the Bomb on Nagasaki City
on August 9,1945
Population : about 240,000
Deaths and injuries caused by the
atomic bomb
(estimates up to the end of December
1945)
- Deaths : 73,884
- Injuries : 74,909
Distance from
Ground Zero
(km)
Killed
Injured
Population
0 - 1.0
27,300 (88%)
1,900 (6%)
30,900
1.0 - 2.5
9,500 (34%)
8,100 (29%)
27,700
2.5 - 5.0
1,300 (11%)
11,000 (10%)
115,200
Total
38,100 (22%)
21,000 (12%)
173,800
Distance
between
Hiroshima
and
Nagasaki is
roughly 187
miles in a
straight line
(242 miles
driving)
Key:
Distance
between
cities.
Cities bombed
RADIATION BURNS
• In October 1945, the
patient was 17 years
old. Although the
portion covered by
the shoulder strap of
a bag was left
unburned, traces of
burns on the patient's
back can be seen
since the patient had
light clothes on at that
time
• Since she was indoors,
she did not receive any
burns, but about a week
later, epilation started. In
most instances the hair
loss commenced in the
second or third week.
Fever begins a few days
after the start of epilation
and rises to about 40
degrees centigrade. Many
people died in this
condition.
EFFECTS
HIROSHIMA NAGASAKI
• 210,000- 250,000 DEATHS
• 62,000 BUILINGS DESTROYED
• HURRICANE+ WINDS 980 MPH
• GROUND TEMPERATURE 7,000 F
• ENERGY RELEASED= 20,000 TONS
OF TNT
• http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/wwii
/hiroshima/chapter3.htm
• http://www.radiochemistry.org/history/index
.shtml
• http://raf.union.rpi.edu/downloads.html
Was the U.S. justified
in dropping the Atomic
Bomb?
Hiroshima Prefecture Industrial Promotion
Hall has come to be called "the A-bomb
Dome", and it has come to symbolize to the
people of the world "No More Hiroshimas".
World War Two Deaths Total
Deaths : 61 Million
• Soviet Union : 25,568,000
China : 11,324,000
Germany : 7,060,000
Poland : 6,850,000
Japan : 1,806,000
Yugoslavia : 1,700,000
Rumania : 985,000
France : 810,000
Hungary : 750,000
Austria : 525,000
Greece : 520,000
Italy : 410,000
Czechoslovakia : 400,000
• Great Britain : 388,000
USA : 295,000
Holland : 250,000
Belgium : 85,000
Finland : 79,000
Canada : 42,000
India : 36,000
Australia : 29,000
Spain : 22,000
Bulgaria : 21,000
New Zealand : 12,000
South Africa : 9,000
Norway : 5,000
Denmark : 4,000
EFFECTS OF DROPPING THE BOMB
AN INTERVIEW
• Dr. Leo Szilard, 62, is a Hungarianborn physicist who helped
persuade President Roosevelt to
launch the A-bomb project and
who had a major share in it. In
1945, however, he was a key figure
among the scientists opposing use
of the bomb.
• Q How would the world of today
have been different if we had not
dropped the atomic bomb on
Japan?
• A I think, if we had not dropped the
bomb on Hiroshima and instead
demonstrated the bomb after the war,
then, if we had really wanted to rid the
world of atomic bombs, I think we
could probably have done it.
• Q Do you think it would
have avoided a nucleararms race?
• A I think we could have
avoided a nuclear-arms
race, yes, but we might still
have gotten into conflict with
Russia - over other issues.
• Q Do you think that the "missile
age" would have come as
quickly without the atomic
bomb?
• A No, the long-range missile
would be completely useless
without a nuclear warhead,
because they are too expensive
as vehicles for carrying TNT.
• Q What about the space age in
general? Would that also have been put
off into the indefinite future?
• A I should think so.
• Q Then was space exploration - missile,
hydrogen bombs, all the rest of it - a
natural outgrowth of the atomic bomb?
• A I think so. But, you see, I'm in no hurry
to get to Mars or Venus. I don't value the
exploration of the solar system as much as
maybe others do.