Transcript Slide 1

Universal Design:
Creating an Inclusive Learning
Environment in Higher
Education
Dr. Susan Asselin
School of Education
Virginia Tech
Conference on Higher Education Pedagogy
February 9, 2012
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Virginia Tech
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Goal

Provide research based strategies to
improve accessibility of instruction and
curriculum for increasingly diverse
students
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Virginia Tech
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Objectives
UD

Understand challenges faced by
students with diverse learning needs

Provide an overview of universal design (UD)

Apply universal design principles to instructional
practices

Evaluate accessibility of tests and course syllabi
Universal Design
Faculty Initiative
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Virginia Tech
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This week..
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Virginia Tech
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Universal Design (UD)

What is it??
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Virginia Tech
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In this test DO NOT READ the words, say
aloud the COLOR of each word.
YELLOW BLUE ORANGE
BLACK RED GREEN
PURPLE YELLOW RED
ORANGE GREEN BLACK
BLUE RED PURPLE
GREEN BLUE ORANGE
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Virginia Tech
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What do you
see?
Beauty
 Ugly

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Virginia Tech
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Can you “read” this ?
A word cousistsfoa sericsto
graqhicsyndolsin space that have
neamimgwhema seniesof soubsare
limkedotthem in the propcrorber.
Whaisineebedotread a wrod? What tiall
doilsbownto siorpauization—
sortimgont…differertiatimg…renemderimg
…integnating
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Virginia Tech
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Why can you “read” this ?
A word consists of a series to graphic
symbols in space that have meaning when a
series of sounds are linked to them in the
proper order.
What is needed to read a word? What it all
boils down to is organization, sorting out,
differentiating, remembering, integrating and
translating.
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Virginia Tech
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Diversity includes…
 Ethnic, racial & religious minorities
 International and non-native speakers
 Physical, sensory, psychiatric & cognitive abilities
 Religion, age, gender
 Different learning styles
 Non-traditional students
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Virginia Tech
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Learner Diversity
vision
emotions
perception
processing
attention
motivation
motor
organization
verbal
language
physical
listening
writing
hearing
anxiety
comprehension math
culture
listening
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Virginia Tech
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Cognition
Information processing
 External and internal
stimuli
 Long term memory

◦ Prior knowledge

Short term memory
◦ declarative and
procedural knowledge

Executive memory or
metacognition
◦ evaluation and action
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Virginia Tech
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Students with Disabilities
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Virginia Tech
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Virginia Tech
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Ethnic Growth Rate
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Virginia Tech
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Virginia Tech
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Need for a New Paradigm
Provide equitable access to instruction in order to
address:

Increased diversity in the student population

Faculty concerns about accommodations
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Virginia Tech
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UD in Architecture
making products,
built environment,
communications,
usable and accessible
NCSU, 1997
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Virginia Tech
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UD in Instruction
The basic premise is that curriculum should
include alternatives to make instruction
accessible to all students regardless of
background, learning style, or ability.
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Virginia Tech
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Architecture to Learning
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Virginia Tech
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Universal Design (UD) in
Instruction
An approach to teaching that:

Anticipates and welcomes diversity

Promotes the proactive design

Uses inclusive instructional strategies
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Virginia Tech
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Universal Design for Learning
Multiple and Flexible
 Recognition
 Strategic
 Engagement
◦ CAST
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Virginia Tech
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UD Principles
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Equitable use
Flexibility in use
Simple & intuitive
Perceptible information
Tolerance for error
Low physical effort
Size and space for use
Community of learners
Instructional climate
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Virginia Tech
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UD Guiding Principles
1. Equitable Use
equivalent means
2. Flexibility in Use
wide range of abilities
3. Simple & Intuitive
straightforward and predictable
4. Perceptible Information
communication received
5. Tolerance for Error
accidental or unintended actions
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Virginia Tech
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UD Guiding Principles
6. Low Physical Effort
Comfort and efficiently
7. Size and Space for Use
reach, approach, manipulation
8. Community of Learners
communication and the exchange of ideas
9. Instructional Climate
welcoming and inclusive
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Virginia Tech
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Student Concerns :
Learning Environment at VT

Accessibility – physical access, accessibility of
texts and materials, etc.

Unclear expectations about coursework and
learning

Variety in teaching styles

Stigma attached to a disability and self-disclosure

Lack of faculty awareness of disabilities and
accommodations
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Virginia Tech
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VT UD Initiative
Workshop series
 One aspect
 Tests
 Presented specific strategies
 Assistance
 Interviewed students

UD
Universal Design
Faculty Initiative
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Virginia Tech
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Challenges in Testing
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Comprehension of items or directions
Processing auditory information
Visual processing
Environmental ambience
Time constraints
Anxiety
Embarrassment
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Virginia Tech
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UD Application in Testing
Meant to:

Remove barriers

Increase validity
Not Meant to:

Decrease rigor

Change content
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Virginia Tech
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UD and Test Design
Simple, Intuitive Design
Consistency, arrangement, language, visuals, streamline, headings,
symbols and numbers, concrete, clear directions
Perceptible Information
Contrast, legibility, clear graphics, soft colors, white space , font,
font size, correct grammar and spelling
Tolerance for Error
Accessibility, warnings, fail safe, sticky keys, drafts, un-timed, pace,
transfer answers, transfer to scratch paper
Low Physical Effort
Body position, repetitive or operating, distractions, desk size
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Virginia Tech
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Virginia Tech
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Virginia Tech
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Student Feedback
“Questions easier to read and understand”
“Easier to compare answers”
“Faster completion of test”
“Easier to understand and narrow down
correct answer”
“Test set up in a way so it was easy to take
and understand”
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Virginia Tech
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Application to Syllabi
Equitable use
 varied ways to contact instructor
 choices in assignments
Flexibility in use
 hard copy and electronic documents
 available in 16 pt font or larger if needed
Simple & intuitive
 objectives, assignments & assessment linked
 calendar for due dates and events
 avoid acronyms, abbreviations
Perceptible information
 multiple formats – audio, font sizes, captioned, sans serif
font
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Virginia Tech
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Syllabi
Tolerance for error
 criteria and clarification, drafts and revisions
Low physical effort
 multiple ways to submit assignments
Size and space for use
 classroom setting, audio-visual features
Community of learners
 peer groups, links to student services, value open
exchange and respect
Instructional climate
 accessible to students, accommodation statement
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Virginia Tech
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Sample Statement

"If you need adaptations or
accommodations because of a disability
(learning disability, attention deficit
disorder, psychological, physical, etc.), if
you have emergency medical information
to share with me, or if you need special
arrangements in case the building must be
evacuated, please make an appointment
with me as soon as possible. My office
location and hours are….. "
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Virginia Tech
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“Learners will always need some
accommodations, but through the
application of universal design, diverse
learners can be more successful and in the
long run we can be more effective
instructors”
VT Faculty Member
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Virginia Tech
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UD Resources
The National Clearinghouse on
Postsecondary Education for Individuals
with Disabilities www.heath.gwu.edu
DO-IT: University of Washington
www.washington.edu/doit/Faculty/
Center for Applied Special Technology
(CAST)
www.cast.org
Center for Universal Design
www.design.ncsu.edu/cud/
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Virginia Tech
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Questions???
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Virginia Tech
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