Transcript Slide 1

FOREST FUEL RENEWABLE
ENERGY
Renewable energy
Today, renewable energy is an important part
of the Swedish energy budget. With its share in
the energy budget close to 50% (compared to
18% for the EU as a whole) Sweden has a
unique position among other industrialized
countries.
In 2009, the total amount of energy supplied to
the Swedish consumers was 564TWh. Renewables dominated also in the domestic
consumption of energy.
Gross inland consumption of energy in the EU
and Sweden in 2009, TWh
http://www.energy.eu
Wood fuel for energy
Wood fuel is chosen as a source of energy for a
variety of reasons - technical, environmental,
social, cultural, and economic. Wood has a
number of environmental and economic
advantages over fossil fuels:
it is a renewable resource;
it is readily available via dependable
supplies from sustainably managed forests;
compared to fossil fuels, the amount of
CO2 gas emitted in burning is by about 90%
less;
because of insignificant amount of sulphur
and heavy metals in wood fuel it does not
add to the pollution causing acid rains, and
the particulate emissions are controllable;
normally, the energy recovered from
woody biomass is significantly cheaper than
that of fossil fuels.
Energy consumption
2009 figures for Sweden:
biofuels 123TWh or 22%;
for district heating wood fuel has
generated 28TWh. In 2010 this figure
increased to 31.7TWh. In district heating,
out of all biofuels the share of forest fuels
was 67%;
the current annual use of wood for heating
detached houses is estimated at approx. 7
million m3 (stacked volume).
Bionergy
24
14 3 3
Oil
129
51
Hydro power
Nuclear power
60
Coal
119
Fossil gas
Wind power
Heat pumps
Energy consumption in Sweden in 2012, TWh
European energy
policy
EUWhite Paper for future strategies
and
action plans in energy and environment.
Climate Change Package (2008) adopted by
the European Parliament in order to achieve by
2020 the following EU climate targets :
-20% increase in energy
efficiency (compared to
projections);
-20% less greenhouse gas
emissions (compared to 1990);
-20% share of renewables in
the energy mix.
Renewable Energy Directive (2009) lays
down mandatory national targets to be achieved
by EU-27 to ensure that by 2020 the energy from
renewable sources makes up at least 20% of the
total energy consumption.
Treaty of Lisbon (2009) places energy at the
heart of European activity. The policy aims are
supported by market-based tools, novel energy
technologies, using for it the Community
financial instruments.
European Renewable Energy Council (EREC) www.erec.org
Energy plans of
Sweden
National allocation plans are replaced by EUwide allocations: emission reductions by 21%
by 2020 compared to 2005.
The Sweden’s energy policy seeks to combine
ecological sustainability, competitiveness, and
security of supply. The policy goals to be reached
by 2020 are:
- 50% renewable energy;
-10% renewable energy in the transport
sector;
- 20% more efficient energy use;
- 40% reduction in greenhouse gas
emissions.
The Swedish law on municipal energy
planning provides that starting with 2012 each
municipality is supposed to have a current plan
for the energy supply, distribution and use.
Sweden is determined to take the biggest step
forward compared to any other advanced western
economy by trying in 15 years to completely give
up oil without building a new generation of
nuclear power stations.
An Integrated Climate and Energy Policy of Sweden www.sweden.gov.se
MAIN ARGUMENTS
Forest represents locally available natural
resource and wood is a product that can be
recovered from sustainably managed forests.
Besides, there are a lot of arguments in favour of
wood fuel for heating:
wood is a CO2 neutral source of energy
that constantly regenerates itself;
as fuelwood we use only the wood
assortments that have no other uses;
transportation distances are rather short
with no danger to the environment;
storage of wood fuel
causes no problems;
processing and use of
wood fuel creates
added value for the
region and thus secures
jobs;
modern wood heating
systems meet the
required air pollution
control standards;
it is possible to use
ash as a fertiliser in
Forest energy
framework
Production of wood energy is relatively
simple compared with the processes behind
it like planning, implementing and
promoting the use of wood for energy.
You are part of wood energy framework. We
need your proposals how to save energy and
make our energy use more sustainable!
Calculations
Calculating the most advantageous type of fuel
is quite simple. For each type of fuel we need to:
find out thermal efficiency;
calculate the necessary amount of fuel;
investigate the price situation in market.
Choice of fuel type will depend also on a
variety of factors other than price. Note: in
making estimates be cautious about different
measurement units used!
Conversion factors
1m3 loose (50% moisture content) = 0.340 raw
tonnes = 0.82MWh = 0.33–0.4m3
Calorific values in MWh per1 tonne of
different fuels
Fuel
Wood chips
Pellets, briquettes
Coal
Coke
Petroleum coke
Light virgin oil
MWh
2.00-4.00
4.50-5.00
7.56
7.79
9.67
8.74