Transcript Women's Rights

Social Reform
Movements:
Education
Education
 Horace
Mann
 William McGuffey
 Harriet Beecher
 Today's educational system
Horace Mann
 The
Prussian educational system
 “Father of Education”
 1870
William McGuffey
 “McGuffey
Reader”
 Country's moral and American character
Harriet Beecher
 "Uncle
Tom's Cabin"
Today's educational system
 Influential
writing
Religious Reforms
(1800-1845)
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1st Amendment
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Evangelicalism
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Revivals
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Goals
 2nd
Great Awakening
(1800-1830)
Charles G. Finney
Camp
Meeting
Emergence of groups
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African American churches
Mormons
Benevolent societies
Restorationist
Millerites
Mormons
Baptists
Holiness movement
Elmira Reformatory
A Landmark In Prison Reform
Introduction
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The construction of the Elmira
Reformatory in up state New
York is a watershed moment in
history because it is the first
Prison Institution to emphasize
the reformation of a convict more
so than just the punishment, a
stark contrast to the severe
methods of the Auburn System
and the Pennsylvania System of
inmate incarceration. The policies
introduced at Elmira would go on
to influence American prisons
from there on out, with modern
prisons implicating more and
more rehabilitation and
educational programs.
Bloody Origins
 *In the summer of 1864 a
prison was constructed in
Elmira to house confederate
prisoners of war. Built on the
site of a union barracks that
had fallen into disuse the
camp would come to be
known as “Hellmira” by its
inmates because of the
terrible conditions at the
camp. Starvation, brutality by
the wardens, exposure to the
elements and terrible hygienic
conditions led to the deaths of
2,693 inmates.
National Prison Congress
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*The Nation Prison Association, later
known as the American Correctional
Association, was established in 1869
by Rutherford B. Hayes. With the
goal of reforming Prison conditions
the NPA held their first meeting in
Cincinnati Ohio with 130 delegates
from 24 states, Canada and South
America. The ideas discussed at the
meeting would be drafted into a
Declaration of Policies which would
later on become widely accepted
guidelines in Europe and America.
Elmira Reformatory is largely seen as
the application of many of the NPA’s
Declaration.
Elmira Reformatory
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*In July 1876 Elmira Reformatory
opened up, receiving its first inmates
from Auburn Prison. Elmira stressed
Rehabilitation of a convict so that
after they served their terms they
could return to society as productive
members.
*Zebulon Brockway served as
warden of Elmira from 1876 until
1900. He is often remarked as, “The
Grandfather of Prison Reform” a
somewhat ironic title because of his
abrupt resignation as warden of
Elmira following allegations of
corruption and mistreatment towards
prisoners, including severe physical
abuse. Brockway was instrumental in
the construction of Elmira and in
implicating its most progressive
policies.
Essential Reforms
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*The Elmira model of reform
stressed education. In 1878
Brockway invited several
teachers to teach elementary
courses to the inmates. The
educational program would
expand to include not only
elementary courses but courses
in book keeping, geography,
physiology as well as psychology.
Elmira would boats a substantial
library, among of the best in the
prison community.
*A sports program was instituted
at Elmira, one of the first of its
kind amidst a time when games
of any kind were banned in
prison yards. Sports and prison
leagues would later on become
an integral aspect of prison life.
Overview
 *Despite the failures of Elmira the model used
would be influential, by the end of the
nineteenth century the majority of new prisons
established followed the Elmira Model of
rehabilitation. Modern prisons are seen as the
product of the ideas expressed by the Nation
Prison Congress in 1870 and the
implementation of these ideas into policy at
Elmira Reformatory. More important it marks a
turning point when the focus shifted away from
punishing a criminal for their crime to trying to
“cure” or rehabilitate the criminal so he doesn’t
commit that crime again.
Community Impact
 *With 2,186,230 of Americans incarcerated our country has the
biggest prison population in the world. With an estimated 738 out
of 100,000 American in prison this issue affects all of us. Many of
us know someone who has been in or is currently serving a
sentence in prison. These important changes first put forth by the
National Prison Association 1870 have remained significantly
unchanged in the past 200 plus years and is still the guiding
principles in American prisons today.
Child labor reforms
Thesis
Child labor inexcusably endangered and
took many children’s lives by oppression
and deplorable work conditions; this is a
watershed moment in history that enabled
children of future generations to have
better opportunities for their future
without having to risk their lives.
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By the year 1870, child work was very common,
750,000 children under the age of 15, were working in
fields, factories, textile mills, coal mines and many
others worked in the streets.
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In 1904, the National Child Labor Committee
(NCLC) was founded with the purpose of
"promoting the rights, awareness, dignity, wellbeing and education of children and youth as
they relate to work and working." Preventing
exploitation and offering education along with
health opportunities.
 On the mid 1910, attending school was
mandatory for children under 12 years of age.
 By 1911, more than two million children 16
years of age or older were working 12 hours a
day and six days per week in exchange for a few
cents.
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From 1911 to 1916,
photographer Lewis
Wikes Hine captured
insensitive treatment
that children in the
southern and eastern
states received from
their employers.
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Fair Labor Standards
Act of 1938 was
passed
establishishing a
minimum wage and
prohibiting
employment of
minors under 16
years of age or 18 if
the work was to hard.
Influence on our community
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This child labor reform created restrictions
and better working conditions to end
oppression, and help future generations of
children to be able to have a childhood
free of forced labor and with better
chances of educating themselves to have
a brighter future.
Donaldina Cameron
July 26, 1869
To
January 4, 1968
History of Donaldina
* Born July 26, 1869 in New Zealand
• At 2 years, her family moved to California from New
Zealand
• 1895 she was invited by Maggie Culbertson to work as a
sewing teacher at Occidental Mission home for girls in San
Francisco
• Participated with the city’s police in the rescue of Chinese
women and girls held captive during the Chinese
Exclusion Act of 1882
• Fellow teacher Maggie Culbertson becomes ill and dies,
leaving Donaldina in charge at 25 years old
• Donaldina became known as “Lo Mo” (Beloved Mother )
The Mission Home
Before
After
 Home to those who were
discriminated against or forced into
prostitution
 Donaldina cared and nurtured her
girls
 The house provided counseling, peer
group support and crisis intervention
 In 1906, the mission was destroyed
 During the evacuation Donaldina
retrieves her guardian papers.
“Lo Mo’’
 Retired in 1942, after 45 years
 Devoted half of her lifetime to the
victims of prostitution and racial
discrimination
 Educated and rescued Over 3,000
Asian Women and children
Changes in San Francisco
Because of her services, Donaldina truly made a difference
in the San Francisco community.
 Helped enforce the ending of prostitution and
discrimination
 Kept women's lives from being destroyed
 Stepped up when no one else would
Donaldina Cameron is significant to the social reform
movement because she decided that she wanted to
make a difference in her community and stuck to her
plans of saving and creating a better life for the Asian
women and children who were victimized or went
through racial discrimination.
Prohibition in America
Beginning of Prohibition
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Movement led by religious groups
Believed alcohol was cause of physical abuse
Mental wellbeing was thought to be threatened
Road to Prohibition
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Temperance groups were formed
Argued that the only way to prevent
drunkenness was to eliminate alcohol
Prohibition Party
Sons of Temperance
Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
Women for Prohibition
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Susan B. Anthony began work as temperance
agent
Carrie Nation went from town to town
smashing saloon windows and breaking open
barrels of alcohol
Government Action
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The U.S. government outlawed alcohol and
began prohibition with the passing of the 18th
Amendment in 1920
Police forces specifically to track down illegal
alcohol and rum runners
Organized Crime
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Bugs Moran
Al Capone
Millions of dollars through illegal alcohol sales
Black market crashed when 21st Amendment
passed
End of Prohibition
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The 21st Amendment repealed prohibition in
1933
Individual states can still restrict or ban alcohol
sales
Women's Rights
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
• In 1840 she was
denied her seat in the
world anti slavery
along with other
ladies
• After that she played
an important role for
women's rights for the
next 50 yrs.
• She lived from1851 to
October 26, 1902
Elizabeth C. Stanton &
Susan B. Anthony
• Caring for her
children Stanton
wrote many of her
speeches for Susan
B. Anthony a close
friend of hers she met
in 1951
• She was somewhat
overshadowed by her
Time line
• 1848 1st women's rights
convention
• 1850- 1st national
women's rights
convention
• 1869- may national
suffrage association
formed
• Nov. American woman
suffrage association
formed
• Dec. 10 territory of
Wyoming pass the 1st
women's suffrage law
The women's rights
• The right to bodily
integrity and autonomy
• The right to vote
• The right to hold public
office
• The right to work
• The right to own property
• The right to fare wages
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Martial rights
Parental rights
Religious rights
The right to serve the
military
• The right to enter into
legal contracts
• The right to education
• Cady Stanton significant to the
social reform movement because
she was the leader of the women’s
rights movement. She wanted to
play a role and make a difference
for all ladies. Thanks to her women
are as equal as men with the right
to vote.
• Elizabeth Cady died with
nearly 20 years to go
before the united states
granted women the right
to vote, just like Anthony,
and Gage. True major
force in the drive toward
equal rights for women in
the U.S and through out
he world
• Statue of Stanton, Mott,
and Anthony housed in
the U.S capital