Transcript Road to Johannesburg (Rio+10) - GRID-Arendal

After Johannesburg
The way to sustainable development
Pekka Haavisto
GRID - Arendal
10 June 2002
Johannesburg 2002
• 26th August – 4th September 2002 in
Johannesburg, South Africa
• WSSD = World Summit on Sustainable
Development
• ”People, Planet and Prosperity”
• Links between environment, poverty and
development
• Review of the implementation of Rio
Milestones to Johannesburg
• Stockholm 1972: Human Environment
• Our Common Future 1987
(Brundtland report)
• Rio 1992: Environment and Development
(UNCED, ”Earth Summit”)
• Agenda 21: Plan of action
• Johannesburg 2002: Sustainable
Development (WSSD)
Rio Earth Summit 1992
• Participation: 172 governments, 108 heads of
states, 2,400 NGO representatives, 17,000
activists in the parallel NGO forum
• Results: Agenda 21, Rio Declaration on
Environment and Development, Statement of
Forest Principles, Convention on Climate
Change, Convention on Biological Diversity
• New UN mechanisms: Commission on
Sustainable Development (CSD)
Momentum?
• Stockholm 1972: End of colonialism,
Limits to Growth (Club of Rome)
• Rio 1992: End of cold war, new
independent states, environment and
development (Brundtland-report)
• Johannesburg 2002: War against
terrorism, global deal
Key issues for Johannesburg
• Poverty, development, environment
• Financing for development (”Global deal”)
• Global environmental governance (”World
environmental organisation WEO”)
• Implementation of environmental
agreements (e.g. Kyoto protocol)
• Multi-stakeholder process: private sector,
local level, NGO’s
Preparations for Johannesburg
•
•
•
•
UN reports
Regional round tables, regional proposals
NGO-forums
Country progress reports (and shadow
reports)
• Best practices
• Prep-coms: US New York March 2002,
Indonesia Bali May 2002
An African conference
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
African renaissance
Poverty and environment
AIDS ans other deseases
Water
Desertification and land degradation
Women and development
Good governance, conditionality
Energy consumption 1995
Resource flows to developing
countries 1988-1996
(per capita income in constant international dollars)
Growing disparities
in incomes among regions
25 000
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
1970
1975
Africa
W. Europe
1980
Asia
N. America
1985
1990
Latin America
Top 15 recipients of FDI
External debt of developing
countries 1971-1997
Total net ODA 1950-1997
Monterrey: EU Commitments
•
•
•
•
An average 0,39 % ODA target by 2006
Minimum country level 0,33 % by 2006
Additional 7 billion USD by 2006
EU represents more than 50 % ODA
worldwide
• 25,4 billion USD in 2000
Monterrey: US commitments
• ODA increasing by 5 billion USD in next
three years
• 50 % increase of US ODA
• Accountability
• Conditionality: democracy, human rights,
anti-corruption...
Global environmental governance
• More than 500 international treaties and
agreements, 320 regional
• 41 core multilateral environmental
agreements (MEA’s), separate secretariats
• Problems in compliance, enforcement and
financing of the treaties
• Trade has been taking over environment
Countries reporting their
environmental performance
UN system incoherent
•
•
•
•
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
CSD Committee on Sustainable Development
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
Other special agencies (WHO, FAO, UNICEF
etc.)
• GEF Global Environment Facility
• Environmental conventions
• Need of coherence in UN & environment
Private sector
• Role of multi-national companies
• Foreign direct investments (FDI)
increasing
• Voluntary commitments
• Code of conducts
• Global Compact (UN)
Non-governmental
organisations
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Democratic rights
Human rights
Access to information
Public participation
Local agenda 21´s
”Global Århus”
NGO representation in global processes
What is needed?
• World Environment Organisation (WEO)
• Secured financing for global environmental
governance
• World Sustainable Development Forum
(renewed ECOSOC?)
• New mechanisms for public participation
(global democracy)
• Reliable information on environment
Information for decision making
•
•
•
•
Scientific uncertainties
Precautionary principle
Early warnings
Difficulties to define sustainable
development (”sustainable growth,
sustainable economic development etc.”)
• Political fights (climate...)
Challenges for GRID-Arendal
• Define your strenghts
• Make a division of work with others (REC,
EEA, WCMC etc)
• Criterias & statistics for sustainable
development and environment &
development
• Climate & flexible mechanisms ”the only
game in town”
• Creeping crisis, conflicts of the future
Thank you