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2014: Fine Tuning The Fumigant System

Stanley Culpepper, University of Georgia Tifton Campus

Potential MB Fumigant Alternatives

1. UGA 3-WAY 2. Paladin Pic 3. Trifecta 4. Pic Chlor 60

Production Goal

FUMIGANT OPTIONS FUMIGANT OPTIONS

Fumigant Research 2013 and 2014

Distance between sites: 67 miles

Potential MB Fumigant Alternatives

1. UGA 3-WAY 2. Paladin Pic 3. Trifecta 4. Pic Chlor 60

UGA 3-WAY Telone/Pic/Metam

Applicators used to inject metam 4” deep and 4” apart in the final bed More Common Metam = 4 in. (75 G) Pic Chlor 60 = 8 in. (21 G) Ideal Placement Metam = 4 in. (75 G) Chloropicrin = 8 in. (150 lb) Telone II = 12 in. (12 G)

Nutsedge response to the 3-WAY. Tift Co., 2013.

100 80 60 % 40 20 0 89 b 494 plant/A LDPE 91 b 464 plant/A VIF 99 a 160 plant/A TIF

Plots were 1 bed by 150 feet. Fall soil temp 84. (Veg 43-13)

82,460 plant/A check

Nutsedge response to the 3-WAY. Echols Co., 2013.

100 80 60 % 40 20 0 65 c 37,265 plant/A LDPE 85 b 6960 plant/A VIF 97 a 290 plant/A TIF

Plots were 1 bed by 150 feet. Spring soil temp 64. (Veg 13-13)

319,250 plant/A check

UGA 3-WAY. Fall 2013. Tift Co.

Check 3-WAY; LDPE

UGA 3-WAY. Fall 2013. Tift Co.

3-WAY; TIF Check

UGA 3-WAY

Rates Driven By Nutsedge Populations

GA/FL Line (sands) Light to Severe: UGA 3-WAY TIF

Herbicide NOT Required (would still suggest Dual Topical for pepper)

UGA 3-WAY

Rates Driven By Nutsedge Populations

SPRING: South GA (loamy sands) Light to Moderate: 3-WAY LDPE Severe: 3-WAY TIF FALL: South GA (loamy sands) Light : 3-WAY LDPE Moderate to Severe: 3-WAY TIF

Herbicide NOT Required (would still suggest Dual Topical)

Pic Chlor 60

1. UGA 3-WAY 2. Paladin Pic 3. Trifecta 4. Pic Chlor 60

Nutsedge response to the Pic Chlor 60. Tift Co., 2013.

100 80 60 % 40 20 0 61 b 83 b 23,925 plant/A 21 GPA VIF 9425 plant/A 28 GPA 82 b 95 a 11,890 plant/A 21 GPA TIF 1740 plant/A 28 GPA

Plots were 1 bed by 150 feet. Spring soil temp 58F. (Veg 14-13)

36,685 plant/A check

Nutsedge response to the Pic Chlor 60. Echols Co., 2013.

100 80 60 % 40 20 0 84 a 18 b 248,820 plant/A 28 GPA VIF 29,870 plant/A 28 GPA TIF

Plots were 1 bed by 150 feet. Spring soil temp 64. (Veg 13-13)

319,250 plant/A check

Pic Chlor 60

Rates Driven By Nutsedge

Light to Moderate: 28 G (340 lb) TIF Moderate to Severe: 28 GPA TIF

Herbicide System Required

Palmer Amaranth Control With Pic Chlor 60. Tift Co., 2013.

No Herbicide Plus Dual Mag 12 oz/A

Nutsedge response to the fumigants. Echols Co., 2013.

100 80 60 % 40 20 0 84 b 6380 plant/A PIC CHLOR 60 TIF 97 a 290 plant/A UGA 3-WAY TIF

Plots were 1 bed by 150 feet. Spring soil temp 64. (Veg 13-13)

95 a 308 plant/A MB 67:33 240 LB TIF 319,250 plant/A check

Potential MB Fumigant Alternatives

1. UGA 3-WAY 2. Paladin Pic 3. Trifecta 4. Pic Chlor 60

Paladin Pic

Rates Driven By Nutsedge

Light to Moderate: 40-45 GPA TIF Moderate to Severe: 50 GPA TIF

Herbicide System Required

Paladin Pic

Light Populations: 40 GPA TIF

BE CAREFUL FOR ODOR MANAGEMENT

Moderate to Severe: 50 GPA TIF

Herbicide System Required

Trifecta

1. UGA 3-WAY 2. Paladin Pic 3. Trifecta 4. Pic Chlor 60

Trifecta

Rates Driven By Nutsedge Populations

Light to Moderate: 350-375 LB/A TIF Moderate to Severe: 375-400 LB/A TIF

Herbicide System Required

Trifecta

Light Populations: 40 GPA TIF

BE CAREFUL FOR ODOR MANAGEMENT

Moderate to Severe: 50 GPA TIF

Herbicide System Required

2015

OPTIONS INCREASE …..I THINK

Systems for 2015. Tift Co., 2013. 100 80 85 b 72 c 60 % 40 20 1470 P/A 0 Paladin Pic 40 G 380 P/A Trifecta 350 lb 94 ab 83 P/A 3-WAY TIF 99.9 a 99.9 a 40 P/A System A 35 P/A System B

Plots were 1 bed by 150 feet. Spring soil temp 64. (Veg 42-13)

32,318 plant/A check

System A Check

New Systems Potential

BENEFITS:

Outstanding pest control.

Equal cost or slightly lower??? Reduced buffer restrictions.

Far more consistent.

No herbicide under mulch.

Lower odor concerns.

New Systems Potential

NEGATIVES:

2 or 3 fumigants; 2 application points Shank inject 4 inches on bed top Slower application than Trifecta, Pic Chlor Plant back interval longer

2014 Fumigant System Effectiveness 1. UGA 3-WAY TIF 2. Paladin Pic >= Trifecta TIF 3. 3-WAY (Spring) LDPE (not GA/FL line) 4. Pic Chlor 60 at 28 GPA TIF

2015 Fumigant System Effectiveness 1. System A 2. System B 3. System C 4. UGA 3-WAY TIF 5. Paladin Pic >= Trifecta TIF 6. 3-WAY (Spring) LDPE (not GA/FL line) 7. Pic Chlor 60 at 28 GPA TIF

2015 Fumigant System Effectiveness 1. System A 2. System B 3. System C 4. UGA 3-WAY TIF COST VS CONTROL??

5. Paladin Pic >= Trifecta TIF 6. 3-WAY (Spring) LDPE (not GA/FL line) 7. Pic Chlor 60 at 28 GPA TIF

Fumigant Plant Back Intervals

P E S T C O N T R O L P L A N T B A C K

Factors Influencing Rate/Control

F U I M G A N T R A T E 1. 1. Higher populations of nutsedge 2. Warmer soil temperatures 3. Low moisture conditions (not wet either) 4. Soft bed (compaction) — double press??

5. Lighter texture the soil

Factors Influencing Rate/Control

F U I M G A N T R A T E 1. 1. Higher populations of nutsedge 2. Warmer soil temperatures 3. Low moisture conditions (not wet either) 4. Soft bed (compaction) 5. Lighter texture the soil INFLUENCE CONCENTRATION OVER TIME

Factors Influencing Rate/Control

F U I M G A N T R A T E 1. Higher populations of nutsedge 2. Warmer soil temperatures 3. Low moisture conditions (not wet either) 4. Soft bed (compaction) 5. Lighter texture the soil

Managing Nutsedge YEAR ROUND

1. Row middles with Sandea 2. Spray as soon as crop done:

Roundup 2 qt/A fb 2 qt/A 10 days later! Then treat as needed.

Amount of Sandea remaining on plastic mulch. TyTy GA, 2005.

100 80 60 no wash washed 40 20 0 1 2 3 days 4 5 Grey, Culpepper

Managing Nutsedge YEAR ROUND

1. Row middles with Sandea 2. Spray as soon as crop done: 3. When mulch is out of field:

ROTATE DISKING WITH ROUNDUP AND 1 QT 3WK AFTER NUTSEDGE EMERGENCE ADD SANDEA IN WITH ROUNDUP ONCE IF NOT CARRYOVER PROBLEMS

Questions or Comments?

Continued Thanks: William UpChurch and Perry Fuller