Transcript Photo Album
How differently have the English & Irish regarded events in Ireland since the 12
th
century?
An overview of Anglo-Irish relations in one lesson
Ireland in Schools University of Birmingham BASS University of Nottingham
Menu of sources
B1.
A Catholic print, showing how English Protestants treated Catholics in Ireland, 1583, built on Irish blood.
A1
. A Tudor view of an Irish chief dining outdoors - Image of Ireland by John Derrick, an English Tudor writer, 1581.
A6.
A Norman view of the Irish - Gerald of Wales, 1180s.
Gerald visited Ireland in the 1180s and told the English king, Henry II how rich and beautiful the country was but that the people who lived
B2.
A5. B4.
A9.
B7. A2. A4.
there were barbaric, despite their fine music.
An Irish view of the Norman intervention in Ireland - a painting of the marriage of Strongbow, the Norman, and Aoife, an Irish princess, 1854.
The idea behind this painting is that the relationship between England and Ireland was like a forced marriage, built on Irish blood.
An English view of the 1641 Catholic rising against Protestants in Ireland - an engraving from 1646.
An Irish view of Oliver Cromwell, who justified his Irish policy by referring to the violence of 1641 - from
Young Ned of the Hill
by The Pogues, 1989. Picture: Cromwell at the siege of Drogheda, 1649.
An English caricaturist's view of the United Irishmen in training - James Gillray, 1798.
Irish view of troops hanging a United Irish suspect from a ‘travelling gallows' as his house burns - 1843-6.
An English view of the Irish Famine -
Punch
, 1846.
This shows that the English are willing to help the Irish in the short term with food but want the Irish to use the spade to sort themselves out in the long term.
B5.
Irishman condemning the English for not helping Irish people in the Famine - John Mitchel,1860.
Picture: ‘Famine', famine refugees, cast in bronze, Dublin, 1997 .
An English view of Irish agitators -
Punch
, 1882.
B3. A7. B9. A8.
Here Charles Stewart Parnell, the leader of the Irish nationalist party, is shown as creating a monster which represents Irish attacks on Irish landlords, many of whom were English. In this period, influenced by the then new theory of evolution, English cartoonists liked to depict the Irish as ape-like creatures and monsters way down the evolutionary scale.
An Irish cartoonist mocking the way English artists depict the Irish as monsters An English view of Irish agitation for land reform and home rule -
Pat
, an Irish magazine, 1881.
Punch
, 1881, underlining mixed English feelings to Ireland – monster or fair maiden?
An Irish view of home rule, Ireland with its own parliament -
Weekly Freeman
, a moderate Irish nationalist journal, Dublin, 1887. An English cartoonist's view of political violence in Ireland - Jak in
London Evening Standard
, 1982.
This reflects a widely-held view in England that all the Irish are the same and that everyone in Northern Ireland was involved in the conflict on one side or the other.
IRA (Irish Republican Army) and INLA (Irish National Liberation Army) are republican (Catholic) extremist groups.
UDF (Ulster Defence Force), PFF (Protestant Freedom Fighters) and UDA (Ulster Defence Association) are loyalist (Protestant) extremist groups.
B8.
A3.
B6.
A Northern Ireland cartoonist's view of political violence in Ireland - Martyn Turner in
Irish News
, 1993.
According to this cartoon, drawn by somebody living in Northern Ireland, political violence in Northern Ireland is complicated, with men of violence attacking their own communities as much as each other.
IRA (Irish Republican Army) is an extreme nationalist (Catholic) group; the UFF (Ulster Freedom Fighters) an extreme loyalist (Protestant) group.
English reporting of the peace process in Northern Ireland, 2007;
Guardian
photograph of the UK & Irish prime ministers and leaders of the two main opposing Northern Ireland parties at the opening of the Northern Ireland Assembly (left); and (right) a cartoonist's view, in
Private Eye
, of the coming together of traditional enemies Gerry Adams of Sinn Fein (left) and Ian Paisley of the Democratic Unionist Party (right).
‘Chuckle brothers' - Ian Paisley, First minister of Northern Ireland (left), and Martin McGuinness, his deputy from Sinn Fein (right).
B1
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A1
‘From an old and evil custom they always carry an axe in their hand as if it were a staff.
In this way, if they have a feeling for any evil, they can the more quickly give it effect [dom something about it].’ A6
B2
A5
Since Cromwell pushed us westward To live our lowly lives There’s some of us have deemed to fight From Tipperary mountains high Noble men with wills of iron Who are not afraid to die Who’ll fight with Gaelic honour held on high A curse upon you Oliver Cromwell You who raped our Motherland I hope you’re rotting down in hell For the horrors that you sent To our misfortunate forefathers Whom you robbed of their birthright ‘To hell or Connaught’ may you burn in hell tonight
B4
A9
Union is Strength
John Bull
: ‘Here are a few things to go on with, Brother, and I’ll soon put you in a way to earn your own living.
[A] million and a half of men, women and children, were carefully, prudently, and peacefully slain by the English government. They died of hunger in the midst of abundance, which their own hands created; and it is quite immaterial to distinguish those who perish in the agonies of famine itself from those who died of typhus fever, which in Ireland is always caused by famine.
B7
This baneful and blood stained monster ... yet was it not my monster to the very extent that it was my Creature? ... Had I not breathed into it my own spirit? ...
(Extract from the Works of C.S. P-rn-ll, M.P.)
A4
No.1. This is little Chalks [an English artist] sent over by the London Illustrated Smudge to furnish truthful sketches of Irish character.
No.2. This is his model.
No.3. And this is the sketch he furnishes.
B3
This shows Britannia protecting a distraught Hibernia [Ireland] from a stone- throwing Irish anarchist with repellent features.
A7
Bottom line: Pat bringing in the supplies, ‘Bedad, Miss, but if this continues the pudding will be made this year, anyhow.' B9
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Timeline of Anglo-Irish relations
Timeline of ‘these islands’
Power in Ireland 1400
Royal power in Ireland 1500 & 1600
Land held by Catholics, 1641-1703
Partition of Ireland 1920-21