GOALS OF SCIENCE

• • I_________ and un__________ nature E_________ events in _________.

– Use ___________________ to make useful ___________________.

The Scientific Method

• 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

There are FIVE method: main steps to the scientific Stating the P_____________ (from an observation) Forming a H_______________ ( hint: ?) Setting up a _________ ____________ R__________ and analyz____the results Drawing c____________

STATING THE PROBLEM

• • • • This can be in the form of a question or statement.

Implies that an observation has been made to lead to a question… Science is based on experimentation and observation Observations can be: – Made directly with your senses • Color • • • • Taste Shape Feel Smell

INFERENCES

• In contrast to observations, which are things that we see or measure,

inferences

are c__________ based only on o___________ – The rule of inferring is to be __________ (makes sense).

– They are always tentative , meaning, they are not final explanations – ______ ______ __________ when new information is gained, or observations are made

FORMING A HYPOTHESIS

• • A “ t_________” statement, a possible explanation that explains known facts and predicts ________ ________.

Should be written in the form – “ If... then …” – Cause and Effect – Why? Or How?

DESIGNING AN EXPERIMENT

• Must have several things: – V______________ • E__________________ Group(s • Independent Variable – ) – receives all of the conditions of the experiment one thing that is changed • • Dependent Variable – measures how the result respond to the independent variable ( how it reacts…) C__________________ Group – receives all of the conditions of the experiment. The Control group does not get the independent variable (changed condition) – used as a means for comparison in the experiment – CONSTANTS • ( things that ______ ______ change ) Factors in the experiment that are maintained throughout the experiment, they ___________ the __________ throughout – PROCEDURE • Must be clear and detailed

RECORDING & ANALYZING DATA

• RECORDING DATA – Numerber data should be g_________ and/or tabled – Observations should be written in clear, c_________ sentences .

• TWO TYPES OF DATA – Qualitative – descriptive ; a behavior or appearance – Quant itative – numerical data Independent variable (unit) Dependent variable (unit)

RECORDING & ANALYZING DATA

• ANALYZING DATA – Attempt to figure out what the collected data means… why did it happen as it did?

I____________ variable (unit)

Graphing

• Graph – A visual display of information or data • Three main types – _________ GRAPH – _________ GRAPH – _________ GRAPH

Line Graph

• • Shows how data _____________________ or shows basic trends Plotting data – Independent variable = __-axis (h________ or below) – Dependent variable = ___-axis (along the ____ or vertical side)

Bar Graph

• Compares ___________ collected by ___________

Pie Graph

• Shows how something is broken down into ________ or ______________

FORM CONCLUSIONS

• • • Be sure to draw conclusions based ____________________. Make inferences based on _____ ______ new knowledge gained in the experiment.

and the _____ ______ restate the procedure or simply restate the results… – How do the results compare to your hypothesis?

– How can this data be used further?

– What other tests could be done?

Self Assesment

1) Directions : Place the Scientific Method Steps in the right order. Use the numbers 1 through 5 to show which steps come first • • • • • Recording and Analyzing Results (Graphs) Design a controlled Experiment (Variables) Stating the Problem (from an observation) Conclusion Form a Hypothesis

Self Assessment cont.

• Designing an Experiment: What is a controlled group?

• How is the controlled group different from the experimental group?

• List one thing that you DO NOT do in the conclusion. _____________________