Transcript Document

PowerPoint Summary of:
De-escalating Gestures
Copyright © 2006-2007 The Beyond Intractability Project
Beyond Intractability is a Registered Trademark of the University of Colorado
PowerPoint Summary of:
De-escalating Gestures
Slide 2:
De-escalating Gestures…
are moves performed by one side with the
intent to de-escalate the conflict
Should consist of multiple gestures:
• Are most effective when performed in
conjunction with each other
• Should contain a consistent message
PowerPoint Summary of:
De-escalating Gestures
Slide 3:
De-escalating Gestures…
are difficult because:
• They are often rejected as tricks or are
misunderstood
• Peacemakers are often labeled as
“traitors” by their own party
• “Spoilers” may attempt to undermine
peacemaking
PowerPoint Summary of:
De-escalating Gestures
Slide 4:
Factors Affecting De-escalation
External Context
• Engagement of intermediaries
• Significance of other conflicts
• Changes in regional or global norms
• Power relations
Internal Context
• Changes in public support for reconciliation
Relational Context
• Power balance
• Presence/lack of a Mutually Hurting
Stalemate (MHS)
• Presence/lack of a Way Out through
negotiation (WO)
PowerPoint Summary of:
De-escalating Gestures
Slide 5:
De-escalatory Strategy I: GRIT
Graduated
Reciprocation
In
Tension-reduction
One party unilaterally engages in a
series of cooperative moves
These are announced and reciprocity
invited
Conciliatory moves are continued even
without reciprocity
PowerPoint Summary of:
De-escalating Gestures
Slide 6:
De-escalatory Strategy II: TFT
Tit
For
Tat
One party initiates a cooperative act
The response of the Other is
reciprocated, cooperative or not
PowerPoint Summary of:
De-escalating Gestures
Slide 7:
Examples of De-escalatory Gestures
Conciliatory public speeches by
political representatives
Private meeting with the Other
Modifying offensive conduct
Proposing and/or carrying out
cooperative acts
PowerPoint Summary of:
De-escalating Gestures
Slide 8:
Features of a Successful Gesture
• It represents a major change
• It is novel
• It fits into the targets’
orientation
• It is made in an undeniable
manner
PowerPoint Summary of:
De-escalating Gestures
Slide 9:
Features of a Successful Gesture
• It involves costs/risks for the
initiator
• It is made
unconditionally/voluntarily
• It is difficult to reverse
• It is widely supported