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World History
Unit 2
New Directions in Government and
Society:
2000 B.C. to A.D. 700.
CHAPTER
7
India and China
Establish
Empires, 300 B.C.–A.D. 550
Time Line
321 B.C. Chandragupta
Maurya founds Mauryan
Empire.
65 Buddhism
A.D. 220 Han Dynasty
takes root in China. falls.
A.D.
300 B.C.
A.D.
202 B.C. Liu Bang
establishes China’s
Han Dynasty.
105 Chinese
invent paper.
A.D.
550
320 Gupta Empire
forms in India and
encourages a renewal of
Hindu faith.
A.D.
Chapter 7
India and China Establish
Empires,
300 B.C. - 550 A.D.
Section 1
First Empires of India
First Empires of India
•
•
•
•
Objectives
To describe the rise and fall of India’s first unified
kingdom.
To compare events in India’s three regions after
the fall of the Mauryan Empire.
To describe the rise of the Gupta Empire and the
daily life in India during this period.
Vocabulary: Mauryan Empire, Asoka, religious
toleration, Tamil, Gupta Empire, patriarchal,
matriarchal
First Empires of India
Mauryan Empire - 321 - 301 BC
– Chandragupta Maurya
• defeat of Seleucus in 303 BC
• unites north India; 1st emperor
• Jainist convert
– Kautilya
• Arthasastra handbook
– war expands power
– Asoka - 269 - 232 BC
• grandson
• Bhuddhist convert
– Kalinga campaign
• edicts
– non-violence
– religious toleration
The Gupta Empire
Tamil
– southern Indian peoples
• matriarchal
Gupta Empire
• India’s 2nd empire
– Chandra Gupta - 320 AD
• “Great King of Kings”
• very high taxes
• art, literature, religion, sciences
– society
• patriarchal
First Empires of India
Section
1
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Compare the Mauryan and Gupta
empires.
Mauryan Empire Only
Chandragupta
used spies,
Asoka followed
teachings of Buddha.
Both
Unified through
force, required high
taxes, lasted for
about 100 years
Gupta Empire Only
Defeated the Shakas,
period of great cultural
achievements,
invaded by Hunas
Chapter 7
India and China Establish
Empires,
300 B.C. - 550 A.D.
Section 2
Trade Spreads Indian
Religions and Culture
Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture
•
•
•
•
Objectives
To explain why and how religion changed in India.
To describe achievements in Indian literature, art,
science, and mathematics.
To summarize Indian trade activity and its effects
on India and other Asian cultures.
Vocabulary: Mahayana, Theravada, Brahma,
Vishnu, Shiva, Kalidasa, Silk Roads
Changes in Religious Thought
Buddhism
• desire causes suffering
– small following
– Asoka conversion
• Mahayana
– mass religion; salvation for all
– good works to save humanity
4:50
• bodhisattvas
• stupas
• Buddha as idol
• Theravada
– stricter, original teaching
– individual discipline
9:15
A Hindu Rebirth
Hinduism
• shift to ‘monotheism’
• Brahma
– creator of the world
• Vishnu
– preserver of the world
• Shiva
6:00
– destroyer of the world
• Literature
– Kalidasa
• Shakuntala
• Science
– earth is round
3:30
Spread of Indian Trade
Natural Resources
– spices, minerals, woods
• Silk Roads
– trade routes China to Rome
– middlemen
• Indians
• Increased trade
– rise in banking system
– Southeast Asia
• art, architecture, dance, religion
Trade Spreads Indian Religion and Culture
Section
2
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. For each category shown below, list
one or more specific developments in Indian
culture.
Indian Culture
Religion
Mahayana Buddhism; Hinduism became more personal.
Literature/Arts
Buddhist sculptures; Kalidasa wrote Shakuntala.
Science/Math
The decimal system; medical guides.
Trade
Profited from Silk Roads trade; traded with Rome, Africa,
Southeast Asia, Arabia, China
Chapter 7
India and China Establish
Empires,
300 B.C. - 550 A.D.
Section 3
Han Emperors in China
Han Emperors in China
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•
•
•
•
Objectives
To describe the rise and rule of the Han Dynasty.
To examine Han government structure.
To characterize Han technology, commerce, and
culture.
To describe the period of political instability in the
middle of the Han period
Vocabulary: Han Dynasty, centralized
government, civil service, monopoly, assimilation
Han Restore Unity in China
Civil War after Qin - 206 - 202
BC
Han Dynasty
• Former Han
–
–
–
–
–
centralized government
reduced strict Legalism
400 years
“people of the Han”
Liu Bang - 1st emperor
• Empress Lu
– infant sons
– Wudi
• martial emperor
• established civil service schools
• Later Han
Han Government
Structure
– high taxes (merchants)
– % of crops (farmers)
– military service / projects
• civil service
– government jobs by exams
– Confucian ideals
• Technology
– paper - 105 AD
– collar harness
• Commerce
– monopoly - govt exclusivity
– silk trade
Han Emperors in China
Section
3
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List the methods that Han rulers used to
centralize the government.
Required local officials
to report to central
government
Built up bureaucracy
Centralized Government
Established monopolies
in many industries
Created civil service,
based on exams