Transcript Job Selection Process - Carle Place Union Free School District

The Job Selection
Process
Introduction to Occupations
Keep your eyes and ears open
• Talk to people you know about
exploring careers
• List all the careers you notice
in a week
• Look around as you travel,
play, eat, shop, or hang out
• Think about movies, TV and
magazines.
– If people are doing what you’d
like, find out more.
What is a job?
• What you do to make money
• Career?
– A series of jobs that have a
shared focus or interestprofession
• Alternate Career Path
– One that follows another route
– You many need post-secondary
training
• Education beyond high-school level
Job Clusters
• Jobs that are related
• Job Descriptions can be found
in the
– Dictionary of Occupational Titles
– Occupational Outlook Handbook
– Onet-Federal Gov. Occupational
Information Network
– Choices software
Job Clusters
• Agribusiness
and Natural
Resources
– breeder
– groomer
– poultry farmer
• Business and
Office
– receptionist
– bookkeeper
– computer servicer
• Communications
and Media
– cable TV
technician
– book editor
– computer artist
• Construction
– air-conditioning,
heating
– mechanic
– roofer
More Clusters
• Family and
• Fine arts and
consumer services humanities
– child-care or pet- – actor
care worker
– cartoonist
– jeweler
– dancer/musician
– floral designer • Health
• Environment
– dental hygienist,
– environmental
nurse’s aide
technician
– home health aide
– sanitary engineer – doctor/dentist
More Clusters
• Hospitality and
recreation
– cruise
director
– fitness
instructor
– baker
• Manufacturing
– machine
operator
– toolmaker
– engineer
• Marine science
– ocean technician
– diver
– marine engineer
• Marketing and
distribution
– insurance agent
– real estate agent
– retail buyer
More Clusters
• Personal service • Transportation
– barber/hairstylist
– cosmetologist
– massage
therapist
• Public services
– teacher
– firefighter
– paralegal aide
– airline
reservations
agent
– railroad
conductor
– automotive
mechanic
Why do people work?
• Money
• Security
• Learning
experiences
• Feelings of selfworth
• Sense of
Achievement
• Recognition
• Social
Relationships
• Sense of Purpose
ValuesWhat is
important,
desirable
and
worthwhile
in your life
Interests and Skills
• Skills
– abilities that
have been
developed
– Something you
can do well
– Something that
can be
improved with
practice
• Skills required for
success
– Job-related skills
– Ability to
communicate
– Cooperative
attitude
– Good attendance
– Punctuality
– Appropriate
hygiene and
grooming
– Listening
– Speaking
– Writing
Attitude
Your state of mind and feelings
about things
Smile Overcome
and be
Bad
positive Habits
Be Cheerful
Act and
and
Speak
Enthusiastic
Pleasantly
Be
Overcome
Willing
Self-Pity
Get
to Listen Along
Be a
with ProblemPeople Solver
Working with Data-People-Things
• People
– Humans and human resources
• Data
– Statistics, facts, words, or
numbers
• Things
– Equipment, machines, or tools
Personal Skills
• Required from
• Learning Skills
employees
– Skills and knowledge
acquired through
regardless of
formal education
career
– Informal Education• Human Relations
skills gained from
Skills
jobs or activities
outside of school
– Getting along with
others
• Thinking Skills
– Empathy
– Problem solving
– Teamwork
– Decision making
– Communication
– Critical thinking
Skills
– Analysis
– Creative thinking
Exploratory (Informational)
Interviews
• Use others to build a list of
people who work in careers
that you find interesting.
• Call the appropriate person
and arrange an exploratory
interview
– a short informal talk with
someone who works in a
career that appeals to you
Job Shadowing
• following a worker for a few
days on the job
• learning the ropes by
watching and listening
Part-Time Work
• allows you to learn about a
career from the inside
• gain experience
• make personal contacts
• make money
Work Experience Programs
• give you a chance to learn job skills
while you are still in high school
• earns you class credit and a grade
Education
• All jobs have basic
educational/training requirements
– High school
– Vocational/technical program
– Post-secondary
• 2 year college-Associate’s degree
• 4 year college-Bachelor’s degree
• Military Service
– the largest employer in the United States.
Training
• Apprenticeship
– A course of training by working with a
skilled craftsman
– On the job training + classroom theory
• Trade Schools
– Special schools offering training for
just one job
• Culinary
• Nursing
• Cosmetology
Licenses
• Certificate given by state that
tells everyone you have
successfully completed a state
approved training program
• Must pass state exam to
become certified
– Cosmetology
– Architecture
– Teaching
Training Information
• Apprenticeships
• Adolescent Vocational Exploration
• Progressive Adolescent Vocational
Exploration
• Youth Work Skills
• Another Chance Initiative for Education,
Vocation or Employment
• Jobs for Youth Apprenticeship Program
• Junior Green Teams
• Boards of Cooperative Education
Services
• Chamber of Commerce O-J-T Programs
Fastest Growing
Occupations
Largest numerical
increase in employment
Bachelor’s Degree
•Database administrators and
computer support specialists
•Computer engineers
•Systems analysts
•Systems analysts
•Teachers, secondary school
•Database administrators and
computer support specialists
Associate Degree
•Paralegals
•Health Information Technicians
•Dental Hygienists
•Registered Nurses
•Paralegals
•Dental Hygienists
Post-Secondary Vocational Training
•Data processing equipment repairs
•Emergency medical technicians
•Manicurists
•Registered Nurses
•Paralegals
•Dental Hygienists
Fastest Growing
Occupations
Largest numerical
increase in employment
Work Experience
•Food service and lodging managers
•Teachers and instructors, voc-ed
•Lawn service managers
•Clerical supervisors and managers
•Marketing and sales supervisors
•Food service and lodging managers
More than 12 months of On The Job Training
•Desktop publishing specialists
•Flight attendants
•Musicians
•Cooks, restaurants
•Correction officers
•Musicians
1-12 months of combined OTJ and Informal Training
•Physical/corrective therapy
assistants
•Medical assistants
•Medical assistants
•Instructors/coaches, sports/training
•Social and human services assts.
Short-term Training and Experience
•Personal and home care aides
•Home health aides
•Amusement/recreation attendants
•Cashiers
•Salespersons, retails
•Truck drivers, light and heavy
Physical Requirements
• Some jobs require a heavy dependence
on one specific body sense
Vision
Hearing
•Jeweler
•Piano tuner
•Air traffic control
•Telephone operator
•Electronic component assembler •Radio dispatcher
Touch
•Masseuse
•Dentist
•Surgeon
Taste
•Wine taster
•Chef
•Dietician
Smell
•Perfume master
•Coffee roaster
•Chef
Physical Requirements
Agility and
Flexibility
Endurance &
Stamina
Physical
Requirements
for the
Workplace
Balance
Eye-hand
coordination
Strength
Free of Phobias
Employment Trends
– The kind of work that is available
– The number of jobs in any field
and who they are open to
– The way the work is done
• Changing due to:
– Technology
– Attitudes
– Anti-discrimination laws
Researching Workforce Trends
Industry
•Which industry provides the greatest number of jobs?
•Which industry provides the fewest?
Geography
•Which area/state provides the highest average wages?
Age/Sex, Race, Disabilities
•Compare the number of males to females employed.
•Compare employment for persons under 25 to over 25 years of age.
•Compare disabled and non-disabled employment figures.
Occupation
•Which occupation will have the greatest number of job openings in the next
few years?
•Which occupations are being phased out?
Education
•How does the level of education achieved affect the jobs available?
•Is there a difference in the number of jobs available to H.S. grads versus
college grads?
Disabled Workers
• Technology has
helped them to
function in the
workplace
– Handicap-accessible
buildings
– Redesigned furniture
– Voice-activated
computers
• Job Links for the
Handicapped
• Minorities
– AfricanAmerican
– Latino
– Asian
– Women
– Older workers
• Affirmative
Action
www50.pcedpd.gov/pde
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Discrimination
• Title IX
– Ensures that equal programs for male
and female students exist in schools
– Illegal for hiring and firing based on
gender, age, marital status, race,
religion or ethnic origin
• Affirmative Action
• Jobs have been renamed
– Stewardess—Flight Attendant
– Policeman—Law Enforcement Officer
The Global Economy
• Requires more workers to be
bilingual
• Workers are competing for
jobs worldwide, not just locally
Assessing Your Job Preferences
• What career you want
• Is travel time worth it?
• What type of working
conditions do you want?
– Indoors/outdoors
– Alone/with people
– Small/large company
– Physical/desk job
Traditional vs. Nontraditional Jobs
• Traditional Jobs for Men and Women
– Woman---Secretary, Nurse, Teacher,
etc.
• Domestic services
• Occupational Segregation/Gender Barriers
– Man---Construction, Maintenance,
President, etc.
• Nontraditional Jobs for Men and
Women
– Women--– Men---
• Career Mobility?
Getting the Job
Obtain a Social Security Number
•Local social security office
Secure Working Papers
•Minors (14-17) need this work permit
•Can be obtained from Attendance Office
Fill out a W-4 Form
•Lists tax withholding information
•Obtained from employer on 1st day
Non-Print Job Leads
• Networking•
communicating with
people you know or
can get to know to
share information and
advice.
Use School
Resources
– school
counselor
– teachers
– Make a contact list-a list – placement office
of people you know.
– school-to-work
programs-bring
– Ask for any information
that will lead to a job.
schools and
local businesses
– Build your contact list
by getting a referral
together.
from everyone you talk
to.
On-Line Job Leads
• Company web sites
– Human resource departments
• Newsgroups
• Bulletin boards
• Resume posting services
• Online classified ads
Print Job Leads
• Job Advertisements
– Classified ads
• Newspaper
• Magazines
– Blind Ads
• Don’t give employers name
• Weekly or monthly newspapers
devoted to job advertising
• Yellow Pages of phone book
• Chamber of Commerce business
directory
• Professional Trade Magazines
Other Job Leads
• College Career
Resources Office
• Local State Job
Services Office
• Public Library
• Practical Experience
– Volunteer
– Co-op job-receive
school credit
– Internship
– Part-time work
• Employment
Agencies
– matchmaker
between job
seekers and
companies with
job openings.
– Job seekers fill
out applications at
the agency.
• Using the
Telephone
– hot calls-calls to
referrals or follow
up a lead
– cold calls-blind calls
Applying for a Job
• Getting a job comes down to how
well you present yourself in your
phone calls, job application,
resume and cover letter.
• Employers are looking for the best
person to fill the job.
• Communicate Effectively
– The way you talk and write is one of
the first and strongest impressions
you’ll make.
– Use Standard English.
Resume
• a one-page summary of your personal
information, education, skills, work
experience, activities and interests.
• You will send it to an employer when
applying for a job by mail or via the
Internet.
• An employer may request a copy be
attached to an application or brought to
an interview.
• A resume can get you an interview or
kill you chance for a job. Make yourself
look good.
Resume
• A personal data
sheet typewritten
on 8 ½” x 11”
paper
• Includes:
–
–
–
–
Name
Address
Phone number
Educational
experience
– Relevant courses
you’ve taken
– Skills
– Work experience
– Volunteer
positions
– Significant
honors
– Interests
– References with:
•
•
•
•
Names
Titles
Addresses
Phone numbers
Resumes
• Choose carefully what you’ll
include, what you’ll emphasize and
how you’ll describe your
experience.
• Do not include any negative
information, if you have no work
experience, don’t mention it.
• Focus on your skills, education
and training you do have.
Objective or Summary
– the hook that grabs the readers
attention
– tells the reader what you want to
do and/or what you are qualified
to do
• Education
– list your highest degree first
– type of degree, major, college
name and date awarded
– may go after experience
Experience
• describe you present and
previous positions in reverse
chronological order
• include dates of employment,
company names and locations
and specific job titles
• show progression/promotions
within an organization
• may go ahead of education
Skills
– include your personal
characteristics, special knowledge,
achievements and products
– any identifiable ability or fact that
employers value and will pay for
Activities
– hobbies
– sports
– extracurricular activities
Words
• use action verbs
• don’t use same
word twice
• use a thesaurus
• no first-person
pronouns (I, We)
• drop articles (the,
a, an)
• don’t abbreviate
• lose the helping
verbs (have, had,
may, might)
• lose the being
verbs (am, is, are,
was, were)
stronger
• don’t shift tense
• don’t overwrite
(replace
expeditious with
swift)
• eliminate complex
sentences
Do not include
• Salary needs
• reasons for
leaving other
jobs
• date available
for employment
• references,
print them on a
separate page
• health
• leisure
activities
• unexplained
time gaps
• marital status
• age
• parents’
occupations
• ethnicity or
national origin
• physical
description or
photograph
The Resume Look
•
•
•
•
•
use a word processing software
print on a laser or inkjet printer
use a quality paper
size 10-14 font
Times New Roman, Courier,
Garamond, NC Schoolbook,
Gothic, Helvetica or Arial
• Typing or spelling errors are
UNACCEPTABLE!
Electronic Resumes
• Companies scan resumes
into their computers and
store them in databases.
• These databases look for
KEYWORDS that describe
skills or job experiences
they’re seeking.
References
• You must have at least 3.
• These are people who will
recommend you to an employer.
• Be prepared to list them on the
application.
• Employers trust teachers or
former employers the most.
• Make sure you ask permission.
• They should not be related to you.
Cover Letters
• Your opportunity to convince an
employer that hiring you would benefit
the company.
• Do not send your resume by itself,
always include a cover letter.
• A one-page letter telling the employer
who you are and why you’re sending the
resume.
• Sometimes called an application letter
• Concise and to the point.
Cover Letters have three parts
• The Opening-it explains why you are writing.
– Say where or from whom you learned about the
job.
– You wish to be considered as an applicant for
the position.
• The Body-is your sales pitch.
– It tells why you are right for the job.
– Point out how your education/experience could
help you perform the job.
• The Closing-tells how you will follow up.
– Include your phone number so the employer can
contact you.
– State your resume is enclosed.
– State that you would like an interview at the
employer’s convenience.
The Job Application
• This form asks questions about your
skills, work experience, education and
interests.
• Always fill a job application out
completely and accurately, using a
pen.
• Read and follow directions exactly.
• Keep it neat and clean.
• Be positive, keep your options open.
• Write NA (not applicable) or draw a line
through spaces that do not apply to
you.
Taking Tests
• When applying for a job, you may
have to take one or more tests.
• Performance test-evaluates how
well you can do a particular task.
• Drug test-blood or urine test for
illegal drugs.
• Polygraph test-a lie detector test.
Interviewing
• a formal meeting between an
employer and a job applicant.
• It is the employer’s chance to
meet you as a person, not just
as a name on a resume.
• It’s where research and
rehearsal pay off.
Know Before You Go
• Do your research and ask
intelligent questions.
– Use books, magazines and articles
about the company and current
industry events.
– Ask the Public Relations department
for the annual report.
– Visit the company’s Internet site for
up-to-the minute information.
– Talk to people who work for the
company.
Rehearsal Time
• Practice will improve your interview
performance.
• Practice your telephone skills-speak
clearly and repeat the appointment time
and location
• Interview with a friend-have them ask
you typical questions and comment on
your interview style
• Use a Mirror-are you sitting straight?
Are you fidgeting?
• Use a tape recorder-Are your words
clear?
• Prepare answers to typical questionsuse the list given.
Dress for Success
• What does an employer see first when
you walk through the door?
• Not your personality-your clothes!
• Carefully plan what you’ll wear-dress
for what you’d wear for a day on the
job, but a little bit better.
• Think conservative-let your skills stand
out, not your outfit.
• Be neat, clean and well-groomed with
shined shoes and no crazy jewelry.
Do’s and Don’ts
• Do
• Don’t
– arrive on time and
alone
– Dress
appropriately
– Maintain eye
contact
– Smile and be
polite
– have a positive
attitude
– act
enthusiastically
– make sure you are
up on current
events
– make yourself at home
in the office until you
have been invited
– chew gum or smoke
– Slouch or cross your
arms
– Discuss your personal
life
– Make negative remarks
about anything
– Tell what terms you will
accept
– give one-word answers
– appear desperate
From Door to Door
• Arrive at the interview
alone and on time
• Bring a pen, a notepad and
two copies of your resume
• Be prepared to fill out an
application
During an Interview
• Body Talk-the gestures, posture
and eye contact you use to send
messages.
• Eye Contact-shows that you’re
paying attention.
• Firm Handshake-signals selfconfidence
• Nodding your head-shows you are
thinking
• Good Manners count too.
Speaking for Success
• Success depends not only on
what you say, but how you say
it.
• A clear, confident voice
immediately creates a positive,
adult impression.
• Listen attentively, it will keep
you calm and focused.
• Enunciate and don’t speak too
quickly.
Typical Questions
• Look at your notes
• An interviewer tries to find out
who you are and what you can do
for the company.
• Honesty is the best policy.
• If you don’t understand a
question, ask for clarification.
• Interviewers prefer specific
questions.
Tough Questions
• Don’t be surprised.
• Stay clam.
• Address one question at a
time.
After the Interview; Following Up
• The interview process doesn’t
end when you walk out the
door.
• Jot down some notes.
• Send a follow-up letter.
– A letter thanking the employer
for their time and the opportunity
to interview with them.
• Call Back.
Accepting
• You don’t have to say yes
immediately.
• You can ask for time to
think about it.
• Send an acceptance letter
and keep a copy.
Rejecting
• Don’t say no at the
interview.
• Thank the interviewer.
• Give a reason for your
answer.
• Keep your options open.
Portfolio
• A collection of documents
showing proof of your
accomplishments, performance
and work history.
• A place for you to organize
information about yourself.
• It will continually change and be
updated.
• A showcase of student work.
• It often clinches the deal.
It will need to:
• Consider career options
• Perform skill assessments
• Help make decisions and
plans
• Prepare for interviews
Types of Portfolios
• Divide it into 3 general
categories
– Living
– Learning
– Working
• Or...
–
–
–
–
–
Who I Am
Exploring
Deciding
Planning
Acting
• Organize it in a way that
makes sense to you
What to include in it:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cover Letter
Resume
Last grade report
Autobiography
Copies of licenses
Evidence of involvement/pictures
Tests/Worksheets
Writings
– Videos
– Newspapers articles
• A list of courses you are taking or
have taken
What to include:
• Certificates of Achievement
–
–
–
–
Volunteering
Honor/Merit roll
Courses
Attendance
• Letters of Recommendation/Teacher
Observations
• Special skills fact sheet
• A personal philosophy statement
• A description of experiences that don’t
fit in resume
• Projects that show your highest level
of skill
– Written papers from a course
Packaging Your Portfolio
• Package it in a colorful, 2pocket portfolio/folder
• Don’t enclose any originals,
only photocopies
– They might want to keep it
• Always take one to an
interview