Transcript Literacy and the Expanded Core Curriculum

Promoting Literacy of
Students with Visual
and Multiple
Disabilities
Dr. Betsy Flener
Regional Consultant
Kentucky School for the Blind
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
What is Literacy?
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Early literacy
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Academic literacy
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Functional literacy
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Early Literacy
“The process of becoming literate begins at
birth through repeated incidental and
planned interactions with literacy media
throughout the day prior to the onset of
formal instruction in reading and writing”
(Koenig & Farrenkopf, 1997; Marvin &
Wright, 1997 as quoted in Parker &
Pogrund, 2009).
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Early Literacy (Cont’d)
According to Dunst et al. (2006), early
literacy is comprised of the following
 Pre-literacy development
 Emergent literacy
 Early literacy
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Early Literacy (Cont’d)
“Pre-literacy is defined as nonverbal
communication skills and social skills
acquired before language onset. They are
the foundation for language acquisition
and emergent literacy skills” (Dunst et al.,
2006)
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Early Literacy (Cont’d)
Sheena: The importance of embedding
skills in routines (i e. mobility, tactual
exploration, concepts, language,
communication, etc.)
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Sheena
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Early Years (Cont’d)
Emergent literacy includes "the verbal and
nonverbal skills that are the foundation for
the process of learning to read, write, and
develop other literacy-related skills” (Dunst
et al., 2006)
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Early Years (Cont’d)
Early literacy is the "acquisition and mastery
of the fundamentals of reading, writing and
other literacy-related skills,” (Dunst et al.,
2006)
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Academic Literacy
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Reading
Writing
Communicating in many symbolic forms
Skills needed for various careers
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Academic Literacy (Cont’d)
Fluency is often an issue for academic
students and those with mild additional
disabilities
 Silent and oral reading
 Increasing fluency
 Repeated
readings
 Radio reading
 Paired reading
 Echo reading
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Academic Literacy (Cont’d)
Kurzweil 1000
Kurzweil 3000
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Functional literacy
Like every other child, children with
multiple disabilities deserve the
opportunity to maximize their potential by
learning to read or write or communicate
through alternate means.
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Research
A study by Ek, Fellenius, and Jacobson
(2003) examined reading acquisition in
students with cerebral visual impairment.
A study published in October 2009 by Parker
& Pogrund reviewed research on the
literacy of students with visual and
additional disabilities.
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Students with more Severe
Challenges
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Calendar boxes
Use of routines with all goals embedded (i
e. mobility, tactual awareness,
communication, concept awareness, etc.)
Light Box and Digital Light Box Artwork
Activities
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Students with more Severe
Challenges (cont’d)
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Switches
AAC Devices
Computer with choice making, storyboards
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Sheena
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Keyboarding Instruction
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Adapted/modified keyboards
Intellitools
Modified methods
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Tactile Methods
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Use of calendar system or other with objects
Tactile symbols and routines
Moon literacy
Functional braille approach (Wormsley, 2004)
Combination of braille with tactile symbols
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Tactile Methods (Cont’d)
Moon Literacy
•Similar to alphabet
•Use of lines and curves,
•Good for advantageous blind
•Requires less keen sense of
touch
•Appropriate for students with
physical and learning issues
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Tactile Methods (cont’d)
Wormsley’s functional braille approach
 Based upon interests of the students
 Tracking exercises are built into learning
the word
 Can be extended
 Good supporting research
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Shelby
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Tactual Methods (cont’d)
Issues in transitioning from objects/ symbols
to more refined tactual tasks
 Textures
 Tracking
 Use of both hands
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Logan
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Visual Approaches
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Use of pictures such as Writing with symbols,
Board Maker
Other picture schedules for students who
have specific formats regarding color etc.
Adapted books
Visual charts, diagrams, graphs etc.
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Shania
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Picture Schedule: Could identify
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Identified only with changes
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Shania’s picture schedule
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Functional Literacy (Cont’d)
Additional
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Adapted computer software
Opportunities to record and listen to
information via computer, tape recorder, or
CD player (e.g. Sami Says)
Software designed for challenged learners
(e.g. Classroom Suite and Balanced Literacy)
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Functional Literacy (Cont’d)
Additional (cont’d)
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Picture Exchange System (PECS)
Switch devices
Augmentative Communication (e.g. Springlite)
Symbol Communicator for the Blind
Proloquo2Go
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Michael
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
References
Bishop, G. & Brauner, D. (1988). Downloaded
free computer games for blind children.
Available online at wwwx.cs.unc.edu
/~gh/wp/? s=sami+says
Dunst, C. J., Trivette, C. M., Masiello, T.,
Roper, N. & Robyak, A. (2006). Framework for developing evidence-based
early literacy learning practices. CELL
Papers 1(1), Retrieved from
http://www.earlyliteracylearning.org
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
References (Cont’d)
Ek, U., Fellenius, K. & Jacobson,
L. (2003). Reading acquisition,
cognitive and visual development,
and self-esteem in four children
with cerebral visual impairment.
Journal of Visual Impairment
and Blindness, 97, 741-754.
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
References (Cont’d)
Parker, A. & Pogrund,R. (2009).
A review of the research on
the literacy of students with
visual impairments and
additional disabilities. Journal
of Visual Impairment and
Blindness, 103, 635-648.
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
References (cont’d)
Roman, C. (2007). Cortical Visual Impairment: An Approach to Assessment
and Intervention. New York, NY:
American Foundation for the Blind
Press. Available at www.afb.org
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.
References (Cont’d)
Wormsley, Diane (2004). Braille literacy: A
functional approach. New York, NY:
American Foundation for the Blind
Press.
Copyright 2010 Betsy Flener Ed. D.