Transcript 듣기 지도 방법

영어학습과 통역
PART I : 듣기지도방법
Part II: 영한대조분석
부산외국어대학교
영어대학 영어학부
이용성
Part One: 듣기지도방법
1. 이론적 배경
1) MTSP
2) Top-down & Bottom-up information
3) Summary
2. 실질적인 훈련방법
1)
2)
3)
4)
Shadowing
Transcription
Note-taking and Discussion
Dicto-Comp
3. 요약과 제언
1) Pre-listening
2) Listening
3) Post-listening
4기능의 관계
Input
Process
Output
listening
Auditory image
speaking
reading
Visual image
writing
Blue : Natural Course
Purple : Unnatural Course
Motor Theory of Speech Perception
 듣기와 말하기는 같은 정보를 공유한다.
 증거
a) economy :
Using same set of mechanism for production and
perception
b) problem of invariance :
Speech sounds are variable, but their way of production
is not.
c) McGuirk effect (McGuirk & McDonald 1976) :
Seeing interferes with listening.
Bottom-up information
1. Intonation
2. Stress
3. Segmental pronunciation
Top-down information(1)
syntactic information
 Minimal Attachment Theory
a) I saw the boy with binoculars.
b) The burglar blew open the box
with dynamites.
 Garden Path Sentences
a) The horse raced past the barn fell.
b) I convinced her children are noisy.
Top-down information(2)
semantic information
 Warren & Warren의 실험
a) It was found that the *eel was on the axle.
b) It was found that the *eel was on the shoe.
c) It was found that the *eel was on the orange.
d) It was found that the *eel was on the table.
Top-down information(3)
knowledge base
 Seleskovitch
… the line between comprehension and knowledge
is blurred for someone who is knowledgeable about
a subject. (1978, 69)
 Theory of Felicity
Jack: What time is it?
Judy: There comes a mailman.
What we learned from
theories
Three aspects of listening comprehension
 Auditory Image
 Language Ability
 Knowledge Base
Practical Methodology
 Characteristics of Listening Process
a) Psychological Cue
b) Dot and spread
c) No written text
Practice in Listening
1.
2.
3.
4.
Shadowing -그림자 밟기
Transcription (Dictation)-받아쓰기
Notetaking and Discussion-요약토론
Dicto-comp-의미살려 받아쓰기
Shadowing (1)
 Lambert
a paced, auditory tracking task which involves the immediate
vocalization of auditorily presented stimuli, i.e., word-forword repetition in the same language, parrot-style, of a
message presented through a headphone.
 You cannot shadow what you don’t
understand
Shadowing (2)
 Exercise
 Merits & Demerits
1.
2.
3.
4.
Natural acquisition of bottom-up elements.
Easy to monitor (immediate feedback)
Good with large-sized class
Special equipment required
Transcription (1)
 문자와 음성의 결합형
 종류
1.
2.
3.
Blank filling
Partial dictation
Overall transcription
Transcription (2)
Blank Filling
 Listen to the dialogue (L&D)
 Blank filling exercise
Transcription (3)
Partial dictation
 Listen to the passage
 Fill in the followings:
In America Most university students______________,
in the dormitories. Dormitory life is an integral part
of______________, and it is there that the best
memories of university life _________. The following
story describes some of the impressions
_________________ from his first days in an
American dormitory.
NT & Discussion (1)
 들리는 내용을 노트형식으로 정리
 교사 중심의 대화식 또는
 소그룹활동으로 내용토론
NT & Discussion (2)
 Listen to the passage (GW)
 Merits & Demerits
1)
2)
3)
4)
No written text
Everybody can contribute.
Time-saving
No localization of listening problems
Dicto-Comp (1)
 받아쓰기와 작문의 중간형태
 원문의 내용을 유사하게 복원
 소그룹 활동
Dicto-Comp (2)
 Listen to the passage(NY)
 Merits and Demerits
1)
2)
3)
4)
No written text
Everybody can contribute.
Localization of listening problems
Time-consuming
Wrapping Up (1)
Pre-listening
 Selecting proper text
 Normal speed recording
 Background knowledge
 Avoid written text
Wrapping Up (2)
Listening
 Repetition as needed
 Note-taking
 Encourage Dot-and-Spread
Wrapping Up (3)
Post-listening
 Localization of problems
 No written text
 Quiz in English
 Final review
Part II: 영한대조분석
1) 번역문투의 문제점
2) 번역의 십계명
3) 종합논의
(1) 번역문투의 문제점




형식과 의미의 충돌
형식전달 보다는 내용전달이 우선
국어와 영어는 자연성의 기준이 다르다
자연스런 국어사용은 의미전달에 도움이 된다
(2) 번역의 십계명
1. Thou shalt avoid pronouns
2. Thou shalt avoid possessives
3. Thou shalt avoid plurals
4. Thou shalt avoid progressives
5. Thou shalt avoid non-human subject.
6. Thou shalt avoid heavy NP's
7. Thou shalt be careful with phrasal verbs.
8. Thou shalt avoid passives.
9. Thou shalt not worry about subject and its agreement.
10. Thou shalt be careful with metaphors
(2.1) 단어문법적 특성
 대명사, 소유격, 복수형, 진행형, 비인칭주어
사용은 국어를 어색하게 만든다.
1. Thou shalt avoid pronouns
2. Thou shalt avoid possessives
3. Thou shalt avoid plurals
4. Thou shalt avoid progressives
5. Thou shalt avoid non-human subject.
소유격
(Quirk & Greenbaum (1973) Biber (1999)
a) Possessive genitive (소유)
the gravity of the earth
b) Genitive of origin (기원, 발단)
The girl's story
c) Subjective genitive (주어, 행위자)
my departure
d) Genitives of time (시간)
winter's day
e) Objective genitive (목적어)
The invasion of Korea
f) Descriptive genitive (속성)
A doctor's degree
g) Genitive of measure (단위)
A stone's throw
h) Partitive genitive (부분)
a lump of bread
i) Appositive genitive (동격)
the fine figure of a man
지구의 중력
아이의 이야기
?나의 떠남
*겨울의 날
?한국의 침공
*박사의 학위
*돌의 던짐
*빵의 한 덩이
*남자의 좋은 풍채
과도한 진행형
 The baby is sleeping.
 It is raining.
 We know the problem.
 I understand what you said.
영어와 국어 주어비교
a) Agentive (행위격)
I opened the door. (내가 문을 열었다.)
b) Locative (처격)
The factory has many problems.
(?공장이 많은 문제를 지닌다.)
c) Instruemental (도구격)
The key opened the door (*열쇠가 문을 열었다.)
d) Objective (목적격)이 주어가 된다.
This book reads well. (*이 책은 잘 읽는다. )
(2.2) 구문법적 특성
 과두명사구 사용과 구동사 직역은 국어를 어색
하게 만든다.
6. Thou shalt avoid heavy NP's
7. Thou shalt be careful with phrasal verbs.
번역예시
a) 영한번역
i) Increased unemployment will lead to sagging economy.
1. 증가된 실업이 침체된 경제를 낳는다.
2. 실업이 늘면 경제가 침체된다.
ii) Our proposal is against any sudden change.
1. 우리의 제안은 어떤 급작스런 변화도 반대한다.
2. 너무 급하게 변화를 추구하지 말자고 제안한다.
b) 국어번역 예시
i) 정부가 지원하는 사업
1. The project that the government supports.
2. The government supported project.
ii) 경제를 고양 시키는 정책
1. Measures that boost economy.
2. Economy boosting measures.
(2.3) 문장 문법적 특성
 분석형 수동문 (~당하다, ~받다, ~지다, ~되
다)과 어색한 주어를 피하라
8. Thou shalt avoid passives.
9. Thou shalt not worry about subject and its
agreement.
국어 문장 예시
주어가 없는 국어문장
a) 저 들판에는 사슴이 뛰놀고 있을지도 모른다.
b) 그리로 가시면 안됩니다.
c) 길이 넓어서 편하군요.
d) 노인을 존경할 줄 알아야 한다.
* 나는 피곤해서 나는 집에 있었다.
* 나는 내가 도서관에서 빌린 책을 잃어 버렸다.
(2.4) 의미론적 특성
 국어는 직유를 그리고 영어는 은유를 많
이 사용한다.
7. Thou shalt be careful with phrasal verbs.
10. Thou shalt be careful with metaphors.
영어특유의 표현
 His proposal is a pill to cure the earthquake.
 He is walking on a thin ice.
 We have a bone to pick with each other.
 They decided to bury the axe.
-------------------------- They will look into the problem.
 The price is going up.
(3) Wrapping up
 위의 열 가지를 어기면 어길 수록 국어를 어색
하게 만든다.
 중, 고등 교육에서 받은 직역훈련이 자연스러
운 번역을 어렵게 만들 수 있다.
Thanks!
수고하셨습니다.
http://home.pufs.ac.kr/~yslee