Transcript Slide 1
227 th ACS National Meeting Anaheim, CA 28 March 2004
MMS
Merged Markush Service The Questel•Orbit Alternative for Chemical Information
Elliott Linder, Questel•Orbit Joe Terlizzi, Questel•Orbit
Scenario
Hypothetical Pharm X has developed a compound with the structure below, which they are finding to be a useful contraceptive in animal tests. Should they try to patent or commercialize this compound and/or its use?
N N O N N S O O
Scenario
•
What does Pharm X need to know?
•
Has the compound been documented or patented, i.e., is the compound really new?
• •
Is its intended use new?
If the compound and/or its use have been patented, what is the status of the patent or patents?
Search
Pharm X searchers will want to check the standard chemical structure databases on key vendor systems:
• • • CAS Registry for exact structure MARPAT for open substitution on benzene rings or amino group Beilstein S O N O O N N N
Search
•
With patentability and potential infringement at stake, Pharm X also decides to extend their structure search to MMS, the Merged Markush Service from Questel·Orbit.
•
But what is MMS?
MMS Coverage and Structure
• •
Four segments
•
Front File (FRONTF) –from Derwent week 9816
• • •
WPIM – 1987-1998 MPHARM – 1987-1999 Backfile (BACKF) – 1978-1987 (FR back to 1961) The user can choose which segment(s) to search
FRONTF MPHARM WPIM BACKF
MMS Coverage and Structure
•
Updating MMS
•
Front File (Derwent) updated weekly
• •
Back File now goes back to 1978 No additional updates of MPHARM from year 2000
FRONTF MPHARM WPIM BACKF
N G 1
Link to bibliographic files
Markush query CN link AN 1
CN 1------------- PN-----------------
WPIL biblio file
N R1 S CN 2 R2 R3 CN 4 R1 R2 O CN 1 R1 N R2 CN 3 O R1
CN = Compound Number CN link MMS structure file AN 1
CN 3----------- PN---------------
Patent retrieval PHARM biblio file
Link to bibliographic files
FRONTF
CN YYWW-CCCSS
WPIL WPIM
CN YYMMXXXX-NN
MPHARM BACKF
MMS STRUCTURE FILE
2 CN formats
PHARM
BIBLIOGRAPHIC FILES
MMS Search
Structure Searching Steps: 1.
2.
Open Imagination or STN Express .
Draw query using Query Text (QT) or import structure from Derwent’s Markush Topfrag.
3.
4.
Verify and exit query input.
REtrieve candidates. Candidates contain fragments of the queried structure.
5.
6.
Run an Atom-by-Atom search on RE candidates.
Cross to Questel·Orbit bibliographic system.
Verifying MMS Structure using Imagination
Steps 2 & 3
Step 4
MMS Search
RE search is conducted first. There are over 35,000 candidates containing structural fragments of the original query.
Step 5
MMS Search
When AA search is conducted, one answer is found.
Search
Step 6 Compound number is transferred to the PHARM database. PHARM record is as follows: Indicates known structure; further investigation required
AN - 83115153 CN - ***83115153-01-K***; ***83115153-01-T***; ***83115153-01 U*** PN -
US4415585
-
1983
1115 [US4415585] AP - US35716082 19820311 [1982US-0357160] PA - UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS FOUNDATION /Urbana/IL (US) IN - JOYCE CATHY L (US) - ZANEVELD LOURENS J (US) IC1 - A61K-031/53 IC2 - A61K-031/415 ET - Contraceptive method.
Search
Pharm record –cont’d
EAB - Use of pyrazolone derivatives of formula (I) wherein A is H, halo, trihalomethyl, lower C1-8 alkyl, -X-OH, -X-CO-R, -X-CO-OR, -X-SO-D, -X-S-D or -NR1R2; X is a lower (C1-C8) alkylene group; R, R1, and R2 are hydrogen, or the same or different lower alkyl groups, and B, C, and D, which can be the same or different, are phenyl, hydroxyphenyl or lower alkylphenyl, further provided that B and C together can form a chain of formula (II), as contraceptive agents.
- The contraceptive method comprises maintaining in the genital tract of a female mammal a pyrazolone derivative in a concentration effective to inhibit the fertilization of ova. In addition to effectively, inhibiting the enzymes or other sperm components necessary for conception, the compounds used in the method of the invention are advantageous in having low toxic, caustic or irritating properties, so that the contraceptive compositions are suitable for long-term use without adverse side-effects.
Analysis
• • • The compound number 83115153-01, reveals that the answer is a Markush structure indexed by INPI in 1983.
The BACKF, produced by INPI, dates back to 1978 for US patents. This structure will not be found in Marpat since it only goes back to 1988. The generic structure cannot be searched in Registry. MMS contains both specific and generic structures.
N N O N N S O O
Analysis
• • • The PHARM record reveals that the retrieved patent contains many possible structures, and contains a variation of our structure, with a methyl group substituted on the fused benzene ring.
The patent assignee is the University of Illinois Foundation, and the patent was published in 1983. The compound was also used as a contraceptive.
Therefore, an infringement is possible.
Analysis
• • • •
Some things we will need to check are:
Are there any family members, meaning has the patent been applied for and/or granted in any other countries?
What is the status of these patents, i.e., are they still valid or have they expired or lapsed?
Are there cited references that reveal any additional prior art about this compound?
Are there patents citing this patent that give us more information about this compound?
Analysis
• • • These points are easy to check using the
PlusPat
database on Questel •Orbit. Using the
MEM
and
*MEM
commands, the Standardized Patent Number [XPN] is extracted and searched in
PlusPat
. (Standardization of the all publication, application, and priority numbers on Questel •Orbit simplifies cross-file searching.) The
FAM
command is executed on the publication number, and the
FAMSTAT
command is used to display the family members and their
LEGAL STATUS
.
Analysis
1/1 PlusPat - (C) QUESTEL-ORBIT- image .
.
CPIM PN - US4415585 A 19831115 [US4415585] FAMSTAT format. (PlusPat record edited for brevity.) 1/1 LGST - (C) EPO PN - US4415585 A 19831115 [US4415585] AP - US35716082 19820311 [1982US-0357160] ACT - 19820607 US/AS02-A ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST OWNER: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS FOUNDATION, A CORP. OF ILL.; EFFECTIVE DATE: 19820310 - 19820607 US/AS02-A ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST OWNER: JOYCE, CATHY L.; EFFECTIVE DATE: 19820310 - 19820607 US/AS02-A ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST OWNER: ZANEVELD, LOURENS J. D.; EFFECTIVE DATE: 19820310 - 19920128 US/FP-A [-]
EXPIRED DUE TO FAILURE TO PAY MAINTENANCE FEE
EFFECTIVE DATE: 19911117 UP - 2003-22
Analysis
• • • The
PlusPat
record reveals that there are no other family members, and the
LGST
record that the patent expired in 1991 due to a failure to pay the maintenance fee. A citation analysis can be conducted on Questel •Orbit using the
FAM
command and
FAMCITE
• • display, that contains: All patent families citing the source patent family All patents families cited in the source patent family The citation analysis can be helpful in finding additional prior art.
Conclusions
• • •
In this hypothetical scenario, Pharm X has a potential opportunity due to the expiration of the patent retrieved.
In general, no single resource is sufficiently comprehensive on its own.
As many resources as possible should be searched for prior art and infringement.