Transcript Building Partnerships: A Global Challenge”

ICANN/ccTLD Agreements:
Why and How
Andrew McLaughlin
Monday, January 21, 2002
TWNIC
ICANN and the USG
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Memorandum of Understanding
– Joint ICANN-USG project
– Manage transition to
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USG --> International
USG --> Private
USG --> Not-for-profit public interest
– Checklist of tasks
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IANA Agreement
– Continue management of IANA functions
– USG --> ICANN for financial responsibility
– Names, numbers, and protocol parameters
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CRADA
– Improvements to Root Name Server System
MOU Checklist
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Contribute technical advice and expertise on private-sector
management.
Implement procedures
– Reconsideration process
– Independent review process
– Uniform dispute resolution process for gTLDs
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Introduce competition in domain name registration services for gTLDs
Establish DNS Root Server System Advisory Committee (RSSAC)
Facilitate global participation in the formulation of policies
Develop appropriate membership and participation mechanisms
Launch new gTLDs
Implement address registry (RIR) agreements
Implement root server agreements
Implement ccTLD agreements
MOU Principles
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Ensure DNS stability (paramount)
Promote competition
Promote participation, openness and
transparency
Promote diversity
ICANN and Governments
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Governments
– One of stakeholders in ICANN
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Global and national Internet community
– Promotes and protects
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Public interest
Commerce, consumers, individuals, etc.
Last resort for concerned institutions, individuals etc
Governments will step in if necessary
ICANN’s Government Advisory Committee
(GAC)
– Stakeholder representative
ICANN and
Root Name Server Operators
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Root Name Server System Advisory Committee
– All root server operators plus and including ICANN
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RSSAC advises ICANN Board on
– Operational issues
• Security considerations
• Number, location, and distribution
• ICANN’s Role
• Oversees and coordinates
• But does not operate
• Except for L-root
• ICANN responsible for the Authoritative Root Zone File
• Stably and securely
• CRADA report
• Transfer of Authoritative Update Function to ICANN
ICANN and ccTLDs
ccTLD Managers Today
Users
Gov
IP
Businesses
NGOs
Trustee
Organization
Telcos
ISPs
•Policy development
•Participation
•Management
Overview
Operational
Organization
Day-to-day Operations
•Registrations
•Disputes
•Invoicing
•Registrars
•PR
Universities
Consumers
ASO
Global vs Local Policies
Local policy
•Structure second level
domains and beyond
•Who can register
•Price
•Dispute policy
•Prohibited names
•Marketing channels
ccTLD
manager
Global Policy
•Delegation
•Redelegation
•Technical Standards
•Interoperability
•…
Local Internet
Community
Global Internet
Community
Local policy
Global Policy
Organized by the
ccTLD Manager
Organized by ICANN
Trusteeship (ICANN)
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RFC 1591 (Jon Postel)
– Concerns about “rights” and “ownership” of domains are
inappropriate. It is appropriate to be concerned about
“responsibilities” and “service” to the community.
– These designated authorities [ccTLDs] are trustees for the
delegated domain, and have a duty to serve the community.
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ICP-1
– Documents IANA policies and practices as of ICANN’s
formation
Trusteeship (Governments)
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GAC Principles
– “The delegee of a ccTLD is a trustee for the delegated
domain, and has a duty to serve the residents of the relevant
country or territory in the context of ISO 3166-1, as well as
the global Internet community … Its policy role should be
distinguished from the management, administration and
marketing of the ccTLD. These functions may be performed
by the same or different entities. However the delegation
itself cannot be sub-contracted, sub-licensed or otherwise
traded without the agreement of the relevant government or
public authority and ICANN." (4.1, GAC Principles)
Trusteeship (ccTLDs)
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ccTLD Constituency Best Practices Guidelines
– A ccTLD manager is a trustee for the delegated domain, and
has a duty to serve the community it represents as well as
the global Internet community. Concerns about rights and
ownership …..(Postel quote)
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CENTR Best Practices (Duties of ccTLD Managers):
– The primary duty of the ccTLD Manager is one of Public
Service, and to manage and operate the ccTLD Registry in
the interest of and in consultation with the Local Internet
Community. ccTLD Managers are entrusted with the
management of the TLD Registry. A ccTLD Manager has no
interest in the intellectual or other property rights in names
registered as domain names or as part of domain names.
IANA Functions & Services --> ccTLDs
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IANA Services to ccTLDS
– Maintains the Authoritative Root Zone File
– Process requests for changes
– Monitor, enforce and execute global policies
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Commitment to Service Improvement
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Partnership
Service understandings and goals
Reporting and Statistics
Documentation of processes
Continuous improvement
Advisory structure
IANA Functions --> Root Ops
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Coordination with Root Name Server Operators
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Agreements (MOUs)
RSSAC
Self-policing
Location, number etc
Completion of CRADA Report
Operate root zone distribution master (future)
Monitoring program (under discussion)
Hardening of ICANN operations (subject to
funding)
Global Policy Development
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ICANN provides forum for all stakeholders
– No registry is an island (figuratively)
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For global coordination, including policy
– Interoperability, stability and security
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Stakeholders determine appropriate policies
– Service goals etc?
– Authentication policy?
– Updates to ICP-1?
Funding
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ICANN’s budget defined by community
– Advisory structure
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Budget group
Finance committee
Registries contribute
– By agreement or voluntarily
– Equitable scale
– Based on ICANN's total funding requirements
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Including reserves
– Developed by consensus
Agreement Framework
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Why agreements?
– To formalize and institutionalize existing
relationships
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Reflect agreed principles
– Make relationships stable and transparent
– Advance MOU transition
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Contracts vs understandings