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Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids ________________________ ________________________ AP Biology 2006-2007 Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O ____________________________ “Family groups” _________________ _________________ _________________ ____________________________ big molecules made of smaller subunits not a continuing chain AP Biology Fats Structure: ___________________________________ fatty acid = long HC “tail” with carboxyl (COOH) group “head” enzyme H2O dehydration synthesis AP Biology Building Fats Triacylglycerol 3 fatty acids linked to glycerol _______________ = between OH & COOH hydroxyl AP Biology carboxyl Dehydration synthesis H2O dehydration synthesis enzyme H2O enzyme H2O enzyme AP Biology H2O Fats store energy Long HC chain Why do humans like fatty foods? polar or non-polar? hydrophilic or hydrophobic? Function: _________________ concentrated all H-C! 2x carbohydrates _________________ _________________ AP Biology think whale blubber! Saturated fats All C bonded to H No C=C double bonds ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ contributes to cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis) = plaque deposits AP Biology Unsaturated fats C=C double bonds in the fatty acids ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ the kinks made by double bonded C prevent the molecules from packing tightly together mono-unsaturated? poly-unsaturated? AP Biology Saturated vs. unsaturated _______________ _______________ AP Biology Phospholipids Structure: glycerol + 2 fatty acids + PO4 PO4 negatively charged It’s just like a penguin… A head at one end & a tail at the other! AP Biology Phospholipids Hydrophobic or hydrophilic? fatty acid tails = _____________________ PO4 head = _____________________ “attracted to water” split “personality” Come here, No go away! Come here, No go away! interaction with H2O is complex & very important! AP Biology “repelled by water” Phospholipids in water ____________________________________ ____________________________________ can self-assemble into “bubbles” bubble = “micelle” can also form a __________________________ early evolutionary stage of cell? water bilayer AP Biology water Why is this important? Phospholipids create a barrier in water define outside vs. inside they make ________________________ Tell them about soap! AP Biology Steroids Structure: 4 fused C rings + ?? different steroids created by attaching different functional groups to rings different structure creates different function examples: _________________________ cholesterol AP Biology Cholesterol Important cell component ________________________________ ________________________________ including vertebrate sex hormones AP Biology high levels in blood may contribute to cardiovascular disease Cholesterol Important component of cell membrane AP Biology helps keep cell membranes fluid & flexible From Cholesterol Sex Hormones What a big difference a few atoms can make! AP Biology Let’s build some Lipids! AP Biology 2006-2007