Transcript Cosmic Scales - Mr. Sapone's SHHS Portfolio

Cosmic Scales
The Universe in a Year
By Vincent Sapone
by Vincent Sapone
1
Overview

What would a yearly Calendar look
like if the entire history of the
Universe was compressed into one
year?
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Parameters
1year 
365days
1year
86,400sec onds

 31,536,000sec onds
1day
Actual Age of the Universe: 13.7 Billion Years Old
13,700,000,000years
31,536,000sec onds
 434.4241502years
sec ond
1 Second on our Calendar equals 434.4 years
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Your Birthday

1 Day = 37,534,246.58 years
Therefore, each of our Birthdays corresponds to a
cosmic history of 37.5 million years.
Did anything special happen on your birthday?
Considering the large time span something must
have happened, shouldn’t it?
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Final Questions


Before proceeding, think about this
question to yourself: On what
Calendar day will human history
begin?
The next page has a hint
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
5
Human Life Range

Taking 75 years as the average life
expectancy yields a time of 0.17
seconds for the life of an average
human being.
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Calendar Days

January through June
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Difficulties



During this early period it is difficult to
nail down precise dates.
In fact, usually a range is given. For
instance, the study (WMAP) which
suggests the universe is 13.7 billion years
old that we are using has a plus/minus
caveat of 200 million years (13.7 +/- 0.2
bya)
General estimates will be provided.
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In The Beginning
The Big Bang : January 1st at 12:00 AM
On this day the universe as we know
it came to be; violently expanding
outward in all directions.
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Origin of Milky Way (13.6 +/- .8 bya*)

January 3rd at about 4:00 PM marks
the origin of our home galaxy.
100,000,000
 2.664233576days
37,534,246.58
*Numbers are taken from the 2004 study which used the UV-Visual Echelle
Spectrograph of the VLT to study Beryllium content in two stars of a globular
cluster.
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Eons of time.

Lots of stuff happens within the
coming months but the next really
significant event we can speak of is
our solar system’s formation.
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Solar Nebula

Modern theory tells us the sun and
other objects within our solar
system formed from a solar nebula
about 4.6 billion years ago
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Earth’s Origin

Earth formed 9.1 billion yeas into
our universe’s history. Roughly
242.5 days into our year.
9,100,000,000
 242.445
37,534,246.58
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Earth

August 31th at about 12:00 PM
marks the origin of our solar
system and Earth.
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The Cosmos

The entire Cosmos is Here. All the
galaxies, stars, planets and large
scale matter//mass structures of
the universe are in existence.
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Almost Home

Two Thirds of the History of the
Universe has unfolded and all the
life we know of today has not
appeared in our solar system yet.
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Formation of Life

Life is most commonly thought to
have formed on Earth some time
about 3.8 billion years ago. That is
9.9 billion years into the universe’s
history.
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Formation of Life
September 21th at just after
6 PM marks the formation of
life on Earth.
9,900,000,000
 263.759
37,534,246.58
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Goodbye Dinosaurs

The Dinosaurs went extinct about 65
million years ago. That is about
13,635,000,000 years into the
universe’s existence.
13,635,000,000
 363.268
37,534,246.58
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Dino-bite the dust..

They went extinct on Dec 30th
sometime around 6 am.
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Human Civilization

Humans can go back millions of
years depending on how you define
us.
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Primates and Humans

Anatomically modern humans can
be very roughly dated to the last
100,000 years.
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Percentage

Compared to the total history of the
universe, the entire existence of
man is only 100,000 out of
13,700,000,000 years.
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Of Men and Mice

That means the history of the
universe is 137,000 times longer
than the existence of all modern
human civilization.
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100,000 Years Ago

That is 13,699,900,000 years into
the universe’s existence.
13,699,900,000
 364.9973
37,534,246.58
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The Dawn of People

Humans arrived on December 31th
at 11.56 pm.
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Perspective

Only 4 minutes are left of the entire
history of the universe and modern
humans have just arrived.
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Two Other Key Facts

For Perspective on “Important”
Events in the History of the world
look at the following two time
periods:
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The United States of America

America has existed as its own
nation for just over 230 years.
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Percentage Wise

The history of the universe is
almost 60,000,000 times longer
than the history of the United
States.
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World History

On Cosmic Scales, our lives and the
entire history of human civilization
are nothing more than a fleeting dust
particle in the sands of time.
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Humility

The sheer size, scope and age of
the universe in which we live are
very humbling.
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Guide to Key Dates






Jan. 1st 12.00 AM : Big Bang
Jan. 3rd 4.00 PM: Galaxy Forms
Aug. 31st 12.00 PM: Solar System
Sep. 21st 6.00 PM: First Life
Dec. 30th 6.00 AM: Dinosaurs
Dec. 31th 11:56 PM: Humans
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