Transcript The Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems

The Skeletal, Muscular, and
Integumentary Systems
The Skeletal System
Bones of the Skeleton (left side)
1. Cranium (skull)
2. Frontal (forehead)
3. Temporal (temple)
4. Sternum (breastbone)
5. Scapula (shoulder blade)
6. Intercostal Cartilage
7. Xiphoid process
8. Floating ribs
9. Lumbar Vertebrae (lower
back- 5)
10. Illium (hip bone)
11. Sacrum
12. Coccyx (tailbone)
13. Ischium (butt bone)
14. Femur (thigh)
15. Patella (knee cap)
16. Tibia (shin)
17. Fibula (calf)
“I told a little
fib(ula)”
18. Tarsals (ankle)
Bones of the Skeleton (right side)
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
Nasal bone
Ocular Orbit (eye socket)
Maxilla (upper jaw)
Mandible (lower jaw)
Cervical Vertebrae (neck
bones- 7)
Clavicle (collar bone)
Thoracic Vertebrae (vert.
with ribs attached - 12)
True Ribs (attach directly
to sternum)
Humerus (Upper arm)
28. False Ribs (attach to cartilage)
29. Radius (closest to thumb)
30. Ulna (furthest from thumb)
“Ulna you didn’t!”
31. Carpals (wrist bones)
32. Metacarpals (bones in palm)
33. Phalanges (fingers)
34. Metatarsals (sole of foot)
35. Phalanges (toes)
How many do you remember?
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The Skeletal System
All the bones in your body make up your
skeletal system - has five major functions.
1. Gives shape and support to body.
2. Protect your internal organs.
3. Major muscles attach to bones.
4. Blood cells are made in the bone marrow.
5. Stores calcium and phosphorus.
Bone Structure
1. Periostium - soft thin substance that covers and
protects the bone.
2. Compact bone – tough, hard bone that can heal
itself when broken.
3. Spongy bone – contains red marrow which
produces red blood cells that carry oxygen and
carbon dioxide throughout the day
4. Marrow – soft, inner center of bones containing
blood vessels and fat cells. Manufactures blood
cells.
Cartilage - a rubbery layer of tissue found at
the ends of bones that form joints.
- Acts as a shock absorber and reduces friction
between bones when they rub together.
Your skeleton begins
as cartilage, which is
gradually broken
down and replaced
with bone. Healthy
bone tissue is always
being formed and
reformed.
Joints—any place where two or
more bones come together.
1. Cartilage is located at most joints
2. Ligament - tough band of tissue that holds
bones in place.
1. Fixed joint
a. Allows little movement
b. Ex: The joints of the
bones in your skull
2. Pivot Joint
a. One bone rotates in a
ring of another stationary
bone
b. Ex: Turning your head
3. Ball-and-socket joint
a. The ball end of one bone
fits into a cuplike cavity
on another bone.
b. Example: Shoulder joint
4. Hinge joint
a. Back and forth
b. Example: knee
5. Sliding joint
a. One part of a bone slides over another
bone.
b. Example: Hand bone (bones in your palm)
c. Used the most in the body
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• Virtual hip replacement
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The Muscular System
A Muscle is an organ that can relax and contract,
and provides the power to move your body part.
1. Voluntary muscles - muscles you are able to
control (bicep)
2. Involuntary muscles - muscles that you cannot
control (heart)
There are three types of muscle
tissue.
1. Skeletal muscles move bones.
a. Most common type
b. Tendons - thick bands of tissue
that connect muscle to bones.
c. Voluntary
d. Contract quickly and tire more
easily
e. Look striped or striated.
2. Smooth Muscles - found in digestive tract
a. Contract and relax automatically
b. Involuntary
c. Ex: Muscles in the stomach
3. Cardiac Muscle
• Found only in the heart
• Cardiac muscle is striated
• Involuntary
You move because pairs of muscles work together.
• When one muscle of a pair contracts, the other
relaxes.
• Muscles always pull
• Muscles can become larger or smaller,
depending on whether or not they are used.
• Blood carries energy-rich nutrients to the
muscles so they can do their work.
Integumentary System
Made up of the
skin, hair, and
nails
Skin has four main functions
1. Protection - forms a protective covering
over the body
a. Prevents infection - many disease
causing bacteria cannot pass through the
skin.
b. Prevents excess water loss.
2. Sensory response - nerve cells in skin
detect and relay information to the brain
3. Formation of Vitamin D
4. Regulation of body temperature
a. Blood vessels in skin help release/hold heat
b. Perspiration from sweat glands eliminates
excess heat produced by muscle contractions.
c. Elimination of wastes through sweat glands.
Regulation of Body Temp.
Skin
Your skin is the largest organ of your body.
Skin is made up of three
layers of tissue
1. Epidermis - the outer,
thinnest layer
a. Outermost cells are dead
and rub off
b. New cells are constantly
produced at the base of the
epidermis.
c. Cells produce melanin pigment that protects your
skin and gives it color
2. Dermis - the middle layer
a. Thicker than the epidermis.
b. Contains blood vessels, nerve fibers,
muscles, oil, sweat glands, and other
structures.
3. Fatty layer - covers the body
Skin Cross-section