Transcript ｽﾗｲﾄﾞ ﾀｲﾄﾙなし - University of Waterloo

GOSAT Project and Mission Overview
Takashi Hamazaki
Project Manager
Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT)
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
1
ASSFTS 12
Introduction
• GOSAT is
– the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite.
– the satellite to monitor the global distribution of
Green House Gases (GHG).
– the joint project of
• Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA),
• Ministry of Environment (MOE), and
• National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES).
– scheduled to be launched by H-IIA launch vehicle
in Aug.2008.
2
ASSFTS 12
Mission Objectives
GOSAT has two major mission objectives;
(1)To contribute to the environmental policy development.
- by monitoring the global distribution of GHG(CO2 and CH4)
- by estimating the source and sink of GHG at sub-continental
scale.
(2)To contribute to the advancement of earth observation
technologies.
- by developing Short Wave and Thermal Infrared Fourier
Transform Spectrometer
- by developing highly reliable and robust satellite system
3
ASSFTS 12
Mission Targets
(1) To observe CO2 and CH4 column density
- at 100-1000km spatial scale (with scanning mechanical)
- with relative accuracy of 1% for CO2(4ppmv, 3 month
average) and 2% for CH4.
- during the Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period (2008
to 2012).
(2) To reduce sub-continental scale CO2 annual flux
estimation errors by half
-0.54GtC/yr→0.27GtC/yr
4
ASSFTS 12
GHG Observing Points
Ground Stations (current)
From Space (GOSAT)
（By WMO WDCGG）
• 274 ground stations in the world.
• The observing data from these stations is
distributed from WDCGG of WMO
• The number of stations is limited, and they
exists unevenly in the world.
・Over 100,000 points per 3days
・Global and frequent observation with an
single instrument
WDCGG: World Data Center for Greenhouse Gases
WMO :World Meteorological Organization
5
ASSFTS 12
Annual Flux Estimation
Annual Flux (GtC/yr) of CO2 in Sub-continental Scale
Current Estimation Error: 0.54GtC/yr
6
ASSFTS 12
Mission Priority
(1) Primary mission
– Short Wave Infrared observation
– CO2 and CH4 column density (day time)
(2) Secondary mission
–
–
–
–
–
Thermal Infrared observation
CO2 and CH4 altitude profile
CO2 and CH4 column density (night time)
Other gases (O3, etc)
Other products (Temperature profile, Earth radiation)
7
ASSFTS 12
Organization
ORGANIZATION
GOSAT is the joint project of JAXA, MOE (Ministry of Environment) and NIES
(National Institute for Environmental Studies).
MOE
JAXA
•Sensor development
(Funding Support)
•Date use for Policy development
•Algorithms development
•Data use for science
•Validation
NIES
•Sensor development
•Satellite development
•H-IIA launch
•Satellite operation
•Data acquisition
•Calibration
8
ASSFTS 12
GOSAT Satellite and Launcher
Size
Main body
1.5 x 2 x 3.2 m
Mass
Total
1650kg
Power
Total
4400W
Lifetime
5 years
Orbit
Sun Synchronous Orbit
Launch
Local time
13:00±0:15
Altitude
666km
Inclination
98deg
Re-visit
3 days
Vehicle
H-IIA
Schedule
Aug.2008
9
ASSFTS 12
Satellite System
To improve Robustness and
as possible. ”Reliability First”.
Survivability as much
-
to reduce the single failure points as much as possible
- Dual solar array wings
- Dual power-supply buses
- Dual X-band antennas
- Countermeasure for dual-failures for Attitude Control &
Thruster Sub-system
To Utilize and Reuse as much existing equipments as
possible to achieve high-reliability and low cost.
To Utilize Information Technology for improving
reliability and development efficiency.
10
ASSFTS 12
Sensor Characteristics
Greenhouse Gases Observing Sensor
Clouds and Aerosol Sensor
Size
1.2*1.1*0.7m
0.5*0.4*0.5m
Mass
250kg
40kg
Power
310W
100W
FOV
1000km(mechanical scan)
1000km
IFOV
10km
0.5km-1km
Resolution
0.2-0.5(Band1)cm-1
20-130 nm
SNR
300
200
Channel
ch1:0.75-0.78μm/ ch2: 1.56-1.72μm
ch3:1.92-2.08μm/ ch4:5.5-14.3μm
ch1:0.38μm/ ch2:0.67μm
ch3:0.87μm/ ch4:1.61μm
ASSFTS 12
11
Observed Gases and Wave Length
Short Wave Infrared
Thermal Infrared
Gases
min
(μm)
max
(μm)
Band
O2
0.75
0.78
1
CO2
1.56
1.62
2
CH4
1.66
1.67
H 2O
1.92
CO2
1.92
Gases
min
(μm)
max
(μm)
Band
H 2O
5.5
7.1
4
2
CH4
7.0
8.2
4
2.08
3
O3
9.1
10.1
4
2.08
3
CO2
10.1
10.87
4
CO2
12.8
14.3
4
12
ASSFTS 12
GOSAT development schedule
Calendar
Year
2004
2005
2006
2007
Phase up Review
2008
Launch
Satellite
System
PDR
Sensors
PDR
PQR PSR
CDR
Delivery to Satellite system
CDR
PQR, PSR
May 2005
13
ASSFTS 12
Conclusion
• GOSAT project has entered into Phase-C.
• Sensor BBM fabrication & test has been almost completed.
• Sensor BBM aircraft and airship demonstrations are underway.
• Sensor EM fabrication and test has been started.
• Preliminary Design Review (PDR) will be held in July.
• GOSAT project is making a solid progress!
14
ASSFTS 12