Transcript Prezentacja programu PowerPoint

The way
to freedom
Joanna Kacperska, Damian Polewski, Rafał Duda.
IIal
1.DECEMBER 1970 6.GOVERMENT RESPOND
2.MONUMENTS
7.MARTIAL LAW
8.WE DON’T GIVE UP
3.AUGUST 1980
9.ROUND TABLE
4.LECH WALESA
5.SUPPORT
10.AFTER 1989
PHOTOS
In December
1970
was born the new way of thinking about
everything. The government created ZOMO
company. Zomo supported calm and peace...
but only for the government. For other
people that was the special kind of police,
who fought against the demonstrating
people. They were very brutal and strong.
They were riding in tanks and shooting at the
people.
1000 people were hurt.
50 persons died.
3000 was arrested.
There were 5000 militiaman and 27000
soldiers.
Monument in Gdynia
But we still remember about
our fathers, mothers, grandfathers
and grandmothers. Monuments
are still visited by young people.
Three Crosses Monumenta homage to dockyard workers,
who died in December 1970
in Gdańsk
AUGUST 1980
was the next important date.That was the beginning of the changes.
We lived with censorship,in our shops there was nothing else
except vinegar and militiamen were still on post.
Freedom was our dream.
At 14.08 in Gdansk Shipyard began the strike. People required
from the government for example to rise their salary and to build the
Monument of December ’70.
16.08 came into (Międzyzakładowy Komitet Strajkowy)
Intercollegiate Committee Strikes. Lech Wałęsa was the guide
of that committee.
He was a worker in Gdansk Shipyard. Lech Walesa had a very
great charisma. That was the beginning of new future.
Lech Walesa was born on September 29, 1943 in
Popowo, Poland. After graduating from vocational
school,he worked as a car mechanic at a machine
center from 1961 to 1965. He served in the army for
two years, rose to the rank of corporal, and in 1967
was employed in the Gdansk shipyards as an
electrician.
During the clash in December 1970 between the
workers and the government, he was one of the leaders
of the shipyard workers and was briefly detained. In
1976, however, as a result of his activities as a shop
steward, he was fired and had to earn his living by
taking temporary jobs.
Biography
In August 1980 he led the Gdansk shipyard strike
which gave the rise to a wave of strikes over most of
the country where Walesa was seen as the leader. The
primary demands were for workers' rights. The
authorities were forced to capitulate and to negotiate
with Walesa the Gdansk Agreement of August 31,
1980, which gave the workers the right to strike and to
organise their own independent union.
The Catholic Church supported
the movement, and in January
1981 Walesa was cordially
received by Pope John Paul II in
the Vatican. Walesa himself has
always regarded his Catholicism as
a source of strength and
inspiration. In the years 1980-81
Walesa travelled to Italy, Japan,
Sweden, France and Switzerland as
a guest of the International Labour
Organisation. In September
1981 he was elected for Solidarity
Chairman at the First National
Solidarity Congress in Gdansk.
Who supported
SOLIDARNOSC?
How responded polish government?
The Jaruzelski regime became
even more unpopular as economic
conditions worsened, and it was
finally forced to negotiate with
Walesa and his Solidarity
colleagues. The result was the
holding of parliamentary elections
which, although limited, led to the
establishment of a non-communist
government. Under Mikhail
Gorbachey the Soviet Union was
no longer prepared to use military
force to keep communist parties in
satellite states in power.
General Jaruzelski
Martial Law
In the face of economic crisis and the
growing influence of Solidarity,
and under pressure from the USSR,
General Jaruzelski decided on a
violent solution. On 13 December
1981 Martial Law was introduced
in the People's Republic of Poland.
Several thousand opposition
campaigners were interned, and strikes
were crushed with the help of the army
Jaruzelski are publishing Martial Law
and special riot police units.
On 16 December nine miners were killed in the Wujek Coal Mine.
Many members of the opposition and underground trade-unionists
were sentenced to prison terms, others were forced to emigrate.
Martial Law, which was officially lifted in July 1983, had not
resolved Poland'sproblems.
Lubin 31.08.1982
It was total chaos. People were scared. Policemen were shooting at everyone. It was
horrible. But people did not give up.
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The Polish economy still could not
emerge from the crisis; opposition against the
government did not diminish, but was kept up
by the Pope's subsequent pilgrimages, in 1983
and 1987 and award of the Nobel Peace
Prize to Lech Walesa, Solidarity's leader (1983),
none the less Solidarity structures had
significantly weakened, and many succumbed to
intimidation. Nevertheless the trade union
continued to operate illegally under Walesa's
leadership, which was reflected in the regular
publication and distribution of several hundred
clandestine periodicals and bulletins. Solidarity
campaigners received support from
the Church, which kept its strong position in
society. By 1983 the scale of the
repressions as well as of the opposition activities
was relatively moderate compared
to the earlier phase.
They were everywhere.
They were strong.
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ROUND TABLE
In the early months of 1989, as a result of the
Round Table talks, an agreement was signed
calling for partially free elections to the Parliament.
The opposition was to have 35% of the seats in
the Parliament and free election to Senate.
The election held on 4 June 1989 brought a
landslide victory to Solidarity. It was clear that the
Communist Party would not be able to continue to
govern in the face of such massive opposition
from the people. Although the Parliament returned,
dubbed the "contractual Parliament", elected
Gen. Jaruzelski President of the Republic,
the office of Prime Minister was entrusted
to a Solidarity candidate, Tadeusz Mazowiecki,
who had been a chief adviser to the Gdansk
strike committee in 1980. On 29 July 1989
the Parliament changed the country's
name and constitution.
The People's Republic of Poland
became a thing of the past. The age
of the Third Republic of Poland
commenced. The events in Poland
precipitated the fall of the entire
Communist block.
The Yalta arrangement collapsed.
The Round Table compromise and
peaceful transfer from the
Communist system to a democratic
system were possible thanks to the
fundamental changes in the policy
of the USSR, which in the period
between 1986 and 1988 began to
implement the ideas of glasnost
and perestroika - political and
economic openness to the outside
world.
In April 1990 at Solidarity's second national congress,
Walesa was elected a chairman with 77.5% of the votes.
In December 1990 in a general ballot he was elected the
President of the Republic of Poland. He served until
defeated in the election of November 1995.
PHOTOS
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