Transcript A2 Psychology - psychlotron.org.uk

Aggression
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Instrumental aggression – a means to an end
Hostile aggression – an end in itself
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“An act carried out with the intention to
harm another person”
Aggression
What causes people to behave
aggressively?
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Social learning
Deindividuation
How does our environment affect the
likelihood of aggressive behaviour?
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Heat, noise, crowding
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Environment
Observation
Model
Imitation
Observed consequences
Vicarious reinforcement and punishment
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Social Learning Theory (SLT)
Social Learning Theory
Bandura (1965)
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Mead (1965)
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Observational learning of aggression
Cultural transmission of aggression
Patterson et al (1989)
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Learning of aggression within family
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Deindividuation
Normal constraints on behaviour are
weakened when a person loses their sense
of individuality
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Crowds, uniforms, drugs & alcohol
Less likely to be identified & held responsible
for aggressive behaviour
Anonymitydeindividuationaggression
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Deindividuation
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Deindividuation
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Deindividuation
Deindividuation
Zimbardo (1969)
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Zimbardo (1973; Stanford Experiment)
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Hooded PPs were more aggressive
Guards’ aggression increased by uniforms,
sunglasses, night-time
Mullen (1985)
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Violence of mob lynching a function of crowd
size
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Environmental Stressors
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Heat
Noise
Crowding
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Environmental Stressors
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Stress  Arousal  Aggression
As arousal increases it becomes easier to
trigger an aggressive response (up to a
point)
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Environmental Stressors
Level of stress
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Likelihood of aggressive behaviour
Aggressive responses
most likely at
moderately high levels
of stress