A2 Psychology - psychlotron.org.uk
Download
Report
Transcript A2 Psychology - psychlotron.org.uk
Aggression
Instrumental aggression – a means to an end
Hostile aggression – an end in itself
www.psychlotron.org.uk
“An act carried out with the intention to
harm another person”
Aggression
What causes people to behave
aggressively?
Social learning
Deindividuation
How does our environment affect the
likelihood of aggressive behaviour?
Heat, noise, crowding
www.psychlotron.org.uk
Environment
Observation
Model
Imitation
Observed consequences
Vicarious reinforcement and punishment
www.psychlotron.org.uk
Social Learning Theory (SLT)
Social Learning Theory
Bandura (1965)
Mead (1965)
Observational learning of aggression
Cultural transmission of aggression
Patterson et al (1989)
Learning of aggression within family
www.psychlotron.org.uk
Deindividuation
Normal constraints on behaviour are
weakened when a person loses their sense
of individuality
Crowds, uniforms, drugs & alcohol
Less likely to be identified & held responsible
for aggressive behaviour
Anonymitydeindividuationaggression
www.psychlotron.org.uk
www.psychlotron.org.uk
Deindividuation
www.psychlotron.org.uk
Deindividuation
www.psychlotron.org.uk
Deindividuation
Deindividuation
Zimbardo (1969)
Zimbardo (1973; Stanford Experiment)
Hooded PPs were more aggressive
Guards’ aggression increased by uniforms,
sunglasses, night-time
Mullen (1985)
Violence of mob lynching a function of crowd
size
www.psychlotron.org.uk
Environmental Stressors
Heat
Noise
Crowding
www.psychlotron.org.uk
Environmental Stressors
Stress Arousal Aggression
As arousal increases it becomes easier to
trigger an aggressive response (up to a
point)
www.psychlotron.org.uk
Environmental Stressors
Level of stress
www.psychlotron.org.uk
Likelihood of aggressive behaviour
Aggressive responses
most likely at
moderately high levels
of stress