Transcript Camalie Vineyards Case Study in Crossbow Mote Deployment

Camalie Vineyards
Case Study in Crossbow Mote
Deployment.
Mark Holler
Napa & Palo Alto, Ca.
4/11/06
http://camalie.com
[email protected] 650-799-6571
Copyright 2006 Camalie Vineyards, Not to be reproduced without written permission
Background
• Camalie Vineyards is a 4.4 acre hillside vineyard
on the western slopes of Napa Valley: Mt Veeder
• Highly varied soil, slope, sun exposure, and water
flow, At least 12 distinct areas.
• World class Cabernet Sauvignon grapes; $5K/ton
– French clones 337, 338, 191 on rootstocks selected to
compensate for varying vigor across vineyard areas.
• Water is scarce, most wells and reservoirs are dry
by the end of the growing season. 60 gal/vine/yr.
300K gal.
Water in the Vineyard
Initial Installation
2005 growing season
• Monitor water getting to the vines and the
irrigation system getting it there.
• 1 mote with 3 sensors in each of 4 irrigation
blocks
• 2 pressure sensors at irrigation manifold, pre
filter and post filter. Monitor tank level and
filter status. .
2003-2004 used weather station with 3 soil moisture
sensors at one location
Vineyard Installation
• At each Mote location:
• 2 soil moisture sensors
• 12” and 24” depth
• 1 soil temp sensor to calibrate
soil moisture sensors
Irrigation Manifold
Vineyard Mote Prototype
• 433MHz Mica2dot
• Solar power supply
• Up to 6 resistive sensor inputs
Power Supply
• 2 month max battery life now with 10
minute sampling interval
• Decided to use solar power, always there
when doing irrigation. Solar cell $10 in
small quantities though and need a $.50
regulator.
Network Maps
13 nodes late 05, Now 18 nodes
Irrigation Block Map
Soil Moisture Data
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Red = 12” depth soil moisture
Green= 24” depth soil moisture
Note delay deeper
More frequent, shorter watering keeps water shallow
Irrigation Pressure Sensors
Temp Data
ROI Rationale
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Insurance Policy for vine health
Pumping Energy Savings
Conserve water for late season hot spells.
Better Ripeness Uniformity
Intangibles/
– Wine Quality Improvement
• Deficit irrigation; less water > better quality but more risk
– Yield enhancement
Napa Vineyard Investment *
$40K/acre to replant: stakes, wires, endposts
Labor, tractor, mower, sprayer.
• 3 years management before first yield;
$36k/acre
• Irrigation System ~ $5K/acre
• Wireless Soil Moisture sensor network @ 4
nodes(12 soil moistures)/acre =$1000/acre
• Total Investment to first grapes: $82K/acre
* For vineyard ~5 acres
Annual Budget
• Annual Expenses: Management $8k/acre +
$300/acre pumping cost +$5.4K/yr.
Depr(15yr.) Total $13.7K/acre/year.
• $66/acre/year for wireless sensor network
(Small .5%)
Software Development
• Worked through all examples in Getting Started
and Tutorial. Good place to start.
• Learned about TinyOS, nesc from UCB docs,
• Documentation is good but, somewhat
heterogeneous. Good phone tech support.
• Use the Source, code is small and is mostly C
• Modified MDA500 sensor board code and
integrated it with one of the lower power mesh
network protocols provided.
Moteview, Postgresql
• Moteview is a good app. The UI is right
and it has all the essential features needed.
• However, Moteview is a client app for
PostgreSQL which makes remote
connections difficult.
• Performance is poor when data base gets
large, ~100MB 10 seconds – 10 minute to
display a graph on a 2GHz Pentium 4.
Would like to have
• Faster Moteview/Postgresql solution
– Linux + Apache + WebGraph package + data
base. Seems logical.
• Catalog of the Mesh Networking Code
modules with data sheets. Power
consumption, sampling rate, error rate, etc.
• Inexpensive Mica2dot module. The socket
board costs $28.00.
Other ideas
• Deer monitoring, Open Gates, Easement
traffic.
• Wine storage temp
• Wine Making, Temps, CO2 level, flow
• Irrigation Control, remote valves.
• Green Home Monitoring; septic, heating
• Sensors embedded in the vines.
Conclusions
• Cost of wireless sensor network is small for a high
value crop like Napa Grapes.
– WSN greatly improves visibility of soil moisture levels,
the most important parameter in growing.
• Crossbow mote hardware is robust. Tools are
adequate, inexpensive. Expect an embedded
design cycle:1yr. Useful prototype and data
within 6 months.
• Infrastructure for web serving WSN data is oddly
missing. Should bundle a server with motes in the
design kit. Linux servers now cost $149.00 at
Frys! Stargate costs $595 and has no disk.