Transcript 16 - Stress Management
Presentation Package for Concepts of Physical Fitness 14e Section VI: Concept 16
Stress and Health
Mental and physical health are affected by an individual’s ability to avoid or adapt to stress.
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Stress Facts
The American Academy of Family Physicians estimates that 60% of the problems brought to physicians in the U.S. are stress related. Many are the result of stress; others are made worse or last longer because of it.
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Sources of Stress
The first step in managing stress is to recognize the causes and to be aware of the symptoms.
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Click for info on Lab 16a Types of Stressors
Environmental Physiological Emotional*(psycho-social)
See 16-01 for info on stress among college students
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Stressors Major - create emotional turmoil or require tremendous amounts of adjustment.
• Personal Crises (major health
problems, death in the family, divorce, financial problems, etc.)
• Job/School-related pressures • Major age-related transitions (college,
marriage, career, retirement) Minor - shorter-term or less severe
• Traffic hassles, peer/work relations,
time pressures, family squabbles
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Characteristics of
Stressful Events Negative Uncontrollable Ambiguous
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Reactions to Stress All people have a general reaction to stress.
Walter Cannon’s Fight-or-Flight response
• Non-specific stress response
Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome 1. Alarm 2. Resistance 3. Exhaustion
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The Stress Target Zone RUST OUT (Hypostress) BURN EUSTRESS (The optimal amount of stress) OUT (Distress)
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Responses to Stress
Physiological Cognitive Emotional Behavioral
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Contemporary Views of the Nature of Stress
The Process of Stress
Stressor Appraisal Stress Coping Outcome
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Appraisal of Stressors Stressor High Stress See stressor as a threat Appraisal See stressor as a challenge Stress
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Low Stress
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Health Problems with Excessive Stress
CHD and stroke Gastrointestinal problems such as ulcers Impaired immune system Insomnia
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How Stress Promotes Illness
Direct effect
• Raises blood pressure • Impairs immune system
Indirect effect
• Less positive behaviors
(exercise, healthy diet, lack of sleep)
• More negative behaviors
(drinking, smoking, unhealthy diet)
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Stress-Prone Personalities Type A
• Time-urgency • Competitive • Anger and hostility
Type D – “Distressed”
• “Negative Affectivity” or negative
emotion
• “Social Inhibition,” or the tendency
not to express negative emotions in social interactions.
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Click for Lab 16b Info Hardiness
Commitment Control Challenge
Individuals high in “Hardiness” have fewer stress related problems due to the way they perceive stress and the coping mechanisms they use (“approach” coping instead of “avoidance” coping)
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Additional Favorable Stress Styles
Optimism Locus of control
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Summary of Stress
You may not be able to smooth out the surf, but you can learn to ride the waves!
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Web Resources Online Learning Center
“On the Web” pages for Concept
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Supplemental Graphics
Lab Information
Return to presentation Lab 16a Information
Evaluating Your Stress Level
Complete the life experience survey.
Summarize your current level of stress. in comparison with the survey scores.
Note: The life experience surveys assume that stressors affect everyone in the same way and therefore may not yield highly accurate indicators of stress.
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Return to presentation Lab 16b Information
Evaluating Your Hardiness
Complete the Hardiness survey.
Summarize the score for each dimension of Hardiness.
Discuss whether you feel the scores are useful indicators of your response to stress.
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