Transcript Identifying Evidence and Examples

Analysing and Evaluating
Reasoning
Critical Thinking
Unit 1 – Introduction to Critical Thinking
Chapter 3
Lessons 8 & 9
Derren Gray
October 2009
Starter – Argument Elements
Write down a definition of each of the following:
(2 marks for a correct definition, 1 for an OK definition)
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Conclusion
Reason
Intermediate conclusion
Hypothetical reason
Assumption
Evidence
Example
Counter assertion
Counter argument
Argument
Analysing and Evaluating
Reasoning
Lesson Objectives
1)
2)
3)
To review the technical language covered so far.
To be able to separate reasons from examples/evidence
To understand, in the context of evaluating evidence, the concepts
of:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
Relevance
Representative
Reliable
Ambiguity
Interpretation
To be able to evaluate how well reasons support conclusions
To understand and apply the term ‘Argument Element’
To be able to assess the reasonable of assumptions
To be able to analyse an argument – identifying the different
argument elements
To develop pair working and presentation skills.
An analysing an Argument
Argument Elements
 Analysing an argument means breaking it down
into its components – its argument elements.
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Identify the conclusion
Identify the reason(s)
Identify any intermediate conclusions
Separate the evidence/examples from the reasons
Hypothetical reasoning (If … then)
Counter Arguments/ Counter assertions
Do the reasons support the
conclusion?
 Is the reason relevant to the conclusion?
 Does the reason make a difference to the
conclusion?
 Would other evidence (not in the argument)
make a difference to the conclusion?
Assessing Evidence
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Is it relevant?
Is it representative?
Is it reliable?
Are the findings of any research
ambiguous?
 Could the evidence be interpreted
differently?
Attention to Detail = A grades
 Pay attention to ‘quantifying’ words such as:
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Few
Many
Some
Always
Never
Analysing and Evaluating
Reasoning
Read and make notes on
pages 53 - 56
Analysing the structure of longer arguments.
Distinguishing between Reasons and Evidence.
Evaluating how well reasons support conclusions.
In pairs complete Activity 18 on page 56 and prepare
to give your answer to the class.
Assumptions
 Remember that Assumptions are unstated
reasons – they are not written down. If you
are copying something from the passage it
can NOT be an assumption.
 When assessing the Reasonableness of an
assumption you need to say how
reasonable it is and, most importantly, why
you think this.
Hypothetical Reasoning
 Remember:
 If … then …
Analysing and Evaluating Reasoning
 Read and make notes on pages 57 - 59
 Identifying hypothetical reasoning and
counter arguments
 Assessing the reasonableness of
assumptions
 Complete Activity 19 on page 59 On Your
Own.
Analysing and Evaluating Reasoning
Read and make notes on pages 60
 Complete Activity 20 on page 61 On Your Own.
 Complete Activity 21 on page 61 On Your Own.
Homework:
 Complete Activity 22 on page 62 On Your Own.
 Complete Activity 23 on page 63 On Your Own.
Analysing and Evaluating
Reasoning
Lesson Objectives: How did we do?
1)
2)
3)
To review the technical language covered so far.
To be able to separate reasons from examples/evidence
To understand, in the context of evaluating evidence, the concepts
of:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
Relevance
Representative
Reliable
Ambiguity
Interpretation
To be able to evaluate how well reasons support conclusions
To understand and apply the term ‘Argument Element’
To be able to assess the reasonable of assumptions
To be able to analyse an argument – identifying the different
argument elements
To develop pair working and presentation skills.