Transcript Operating Systems

Topic
 Operating
 Windows
 Apple
 Linux
system
 Operating
system – a program that runs on a
computer and controls the hardware
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Trend – strong graphical user interface
Users use a mouse to click on pictures or icons
Controls files, hard disk access, software, etc.
Connects computer to a network or internet
Requires security against viruses, hackers, etc.
 Note
– phones and handheld devices also
have an operating system
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Cellphones have Google Android
Ipad, Iphone, and Ipod have Apple’s
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Founded by Bill Gates
Bill Gates is worth $53 billion in 2010
 The second richest person in the world
 Usually was the richest until 2010
 Over taken by Carlos Slim Helu
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Mexican Telecom
Worth $53.5 billion in 2010
Before Microsoft
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Nobody thought you could make money from software
Software is easily copied and traded
Apple computers bundled the software with its
hardware
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Microsoft dominates
the operating systems
market
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Pre-installed on many
computers
Computer vendors pay
Microsoft to install
operating system
All software runs on
Microsoft
Type
All Windows
Market Share
Sept 2010
89%
Windows 7
19.81%
Windows Vista
18.43%
Windows XP
48.32%
Microsoft’s Market Share
Windows Version
Year Released
Windows 3.x
1990
Windows NT 3.1
1993
Windows 95
1995
Windows NT Workstation 4.0 1996
Windows 98
1998
Windows Millennium Edition
2000
Windows 2000 Professional
2000
Windows XP
2001
Windows Vista
2006
Windows 7
2009
 Windows
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Microsoft charges $200 to $500 for its software
Software
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Excel – spreadsheets
Word – word processing
PowerPoint – presentations
Access – database
Outlook - email
 Sun
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also dominates Office software
Microsystems
Offers a comparable office suite for free
Openoffice.org
Estimated at 20%
 Operating
system is designed for a large
variety of computers
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Variety of microprocessors
Variety of graphic chips
Variety of computer manufacturers
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Dell, HP, Lenovo, Toshiba, etc.
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Hardware configuration
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A problem of Windows
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Drivers – a program that allows Windows to use a
device like the display, modem, etc.
Can be a headache
 Windows
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XP
Stable
People like it; still the most popular
Tends to be fast
 Vista
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Made people angry
Microsoft stopped making its operating system
(OS) backwards compatible
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Backwards compatible – older software will install and
work correctly on the OS
Many bugs and problems
Bloated – too many programs; ran slowly; eats up RAM
memory
 Vista
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Had nice attractive appearance
Programs frequently crashed, especially
Microsoft Office
 Windows
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7
Vista was a huge failure
Vista’s name was dropped
Windows 7 is a revamped Vista
Most things work correctly in Windows 7
 Windows
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Operating systems and office suites are
commonly pirated
Windows does not release details about operating
system
Computer hackers from Russia, China, etc. easily
hack the software
 Windows
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programs are expensive
actively tries to stop piracy
Embeds programs in Windows system to check if
Windows is genuine
 Windows
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7
Hackers hacked Windows 7 within a week after it
was released
Rumor – it was hacked before its release
Hacked version can pass Windows Genuine
Activation (WGA)
Microsoft releases Windows to computer vendors
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Called Release to Market (RTM)
Vendors installs RTM on computers and laptops
Insider releases RTM copy to hackers who crack it and
post it on torrents
 Problems
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Way too many to describe
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Prone to attack by viruses, worms, etc.
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Windows does not allow users to go backwards
Example
 If Toshiba makes a new laptop and Windows 7 is
current operating system
 Toshiba will not create the drivers for Vista, XP, etc
Dominant operating system
Could have driver problems
 Benefits
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All programs and software are designed to run on
Windows
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Usually the last few operating systems
Windows 7, Vista, and XP
 Apple
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Has 7% market share
Old name
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Macintosh Operating System (Mac OS)
New name
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Operating System
OS X
 X is the Roman numeral 10
 Releases are named after cats
 Snow Leopard (Previous release)
 Lion (New release)
Operating system is bundled with hardware
 OS
X
 Benefits
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Consistency – all programs and applications are
similar
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Error reporting – Apple OS only tells you when
something goes wrong
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Users can learn a large variety of applications quickly
Windows tends to nag; displays balloon messages
Hides technical details
Fitt’s Law – users are more productive the less
distance a mouse has to travel
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All Apple applications are designed with this feature
 Benefits
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Best graphics on a desktop or laptop
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Designed to be beautiful
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Apple spent lots of money
Stable operating system
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Uses good powerful video chips
Microsoft Vista and 7 copied many graphical features
from the Apple
Based on UNIX
Linux is also based on UNIX
Does not get attack by viruses as much
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People write viruses to cause the most headache which
is Microsoft with 89% of the market share
 Disadvantages
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Apple operating system is only available for
Apple computers
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Note – a group of hackers altered the OS X to run on
computers with Intel processors
Against the licensing agreement of Apple
Apple computers are expensive
Many games and software does not run on OS X
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Reinforces Microsoft’s monopoly power
 Apple
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Users
Publishers – layout and design of professional
documents, books, etc.
Musicians – to edit music files
Graphic designers – Apple’s strong graphics
support
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Edits video clips
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Photographers – editing photographs
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Snobs with too much money
Wannabe artists
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Linux – free operating systems
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Has approximately from 1% to 2% of market share
Distribution (or distro) – many teams develop
their own Linux operating system
Causes confusion
Over 100 distros of Linux
www.distrowatch.com for list
Some are very GUI; some are complicated
 Open source – anyone programmer can modify their
system
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Many talented people contribute to Linux
“United in their hatred of Microsoft”
 Operating
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system
Home computers and notebooks
Servers – for businesses, corporations, and
websites
 Linux
is popular in some countries like
France
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Microsoft Windows and Office are expensive
Popular with some businesses and governments
 Benefits
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Most Linux operating systems are free
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Linux tends to be much faster than Windows
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Note – some are not free
System uses less resources
Linux installs on older computer systems
Does not use programs to monitor system’s licenses,
etc.
Linux tends to be much more stable than
Windows
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Used for web servers so they do not crash
 Benefits
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Some like Ubuntu and Linux Mint are easy to
install
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Most viruses and worms are written for Windows
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Does not require search for drivers like Windows
Linux tends to be immune
Access to over 30,000 free software
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Software is simpler
Software is much smaller in size
Software can share libraries and programs with other
programs
 Benefits
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Open source – all computer code is open to the
public
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People can modify any programs
People can modify the operating system
 Change menus, styles, icons, etc.
Apple and Microsoft keep their operating systems
rigid
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Allows some things to be changed, like wallpaper
More difficult to alter menu bars,icons, etc.
 Problems
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Changing advance options requires terminal
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Too many Linux distributions are available
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Terminal is similar to DOS
Not user friendly
Use Terminal to fix major problems
Software may not be compatible across platforms
Creates confusion
Each distribution has benefits and problems
Limited in software, usually games
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Most games are written for Windows or Apple; not
Linux
Most software runs on Windows; may or may not work
on Linux
 Problems
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Some codecs, software, and drivers are
proprietary
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Driver – a program that allows the operating system to
use a device like a WiFi or network card.
Linux does not pay for this proprietary rights
Some countries like United States and Japan have
strong protection of intellectual property rights
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Businesses have to be careful about the software it
uses
Otherwise it can get sued
 Problems
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People are scared of Linux
Linux is associated with computer geeks and
genius
 Ubuntu
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Canonical Ltd.
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Based in the United Kingdom
Ubuntu is free
Company earns money from technical support
Mark Shuttleworth, founder
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– most popular Linux program
South African entrepreneur
Worth about $225 million
Paid to be an astronaut
Ubuntu means “humanity towards others”
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Most GUI intense
 Ubuntu
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Complaints – Ubuntu is trying to look like Apple’s
OS X
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Apple computers sets the standards
Even Microsoft “copied” features from OS X
 Linux
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Possibly the fourth most popular operating
system
Founded by Clement Lefebvre, France
Originally based on Ubuntu
Very GUI intense
 Good
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Mint
for beginners
Comes with proprietary software, codecs, and
licensed components
Illegal in the U.S., because founder did not pay
to use proprietary software in its system
Gives alternatives where proprietary software is
not included
I
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have two operating systems
Debian Linux Mint
Windows 7