Transcript Physical Development and Health in Adolescence

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Physical Development
and Health in
Adolescence
Lecture
Week 12
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Guideposts for Study
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1. What is adolescence, and when does it
begin and end?
2. What opportunities and risks does
adolescence entail?
3. What physical changes do adolescents
experience, and how do these changes
affect them psychologically?
4. What are some common health problems
in adolescence, and how can they be
prevented?
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Markers of Adolescence
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_______________________ may include
religious blessings, separation from the
family, severe tests of strength and
endurance, marking the body in some way,
or acts of magic
Industrialized societies have no shared
initiation rites so they use clothing,
hairstyles, tattoos, body piercing etc.
Begins with _____________, the process by
which a person attains sexual maturity and
the ability to reproduce
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Opportunities and Risks of
Adolescence
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Opportunities for growth:
physical dimensions
 cognitive and social _____________
 autonomy
 self-esteem
 ___________________
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Hazards to physical and mental well-being:
early pregnancy and childbearing
 high ___________ rates from accidents,
homicide, and _________________
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Puberty: The End of
Childhood
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Sharp increase in production of sex
hormones
_________________ – growth of pubic,
armpit, facial hair
 _____________________ – growth of male
genitals, muscle mass
 ____________________ – growth of female
genitals and breasts
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Timing, Sequence, and
Signs of Maturation
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____________-year range for the onset
of puberty in both boys and girls
Process typically takes about ________
years for both sexes
Begins about _______ or _______
years earlier in girls than in boys
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Timing, Sequence, Signs
of Maturation
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Females - breasts, pubic hair, __________,
underarm hair
Males - testes, pubic hair, body growth,
penis, production of semen, change in voice
Adolescent _________________________
– a rapid increase in height and weight, which
generally begins in girls around 9.5 to 14.5 and
boys around 10.5 and 16
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Primary and Secondary
Sex Characteristics
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____________ Sex Characteristics
– The organs necessary for _____________
(ovaries, Fallopian tube, uterus, testes,
penis, scrotum, semen)
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_______________ Sex Characteristics
– __________________ signs of sexual
maturation (breasts, body hair, voice
change)
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Sperm Production and
Menstruation
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_____________________
– Boy’s first ejaculation (average 13 yrs.)
– Often the result of a nocturnal emission
(involuntary ejaculation of semen)
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______________________
– Girl’s first menstruation (average shortly
before 13th b-day, varies from 10-16.5)
– “Are you there God it’s me Margaret”
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Psychological Effects of Early
and Late Maturation
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Most boys __________ to mature early, but
an early maturer sometimes has trouble
living up to expectations that he should act
as mature as he looks
Girls tend _______ to like maturing early;
they are generally ______________ if their
timing is about the same as that of their
peers
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Physical Activity
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Improves __________ and endurance
Helps build healthy bones and muscles
Helps control _________________
Reduces anxiety and stress
Increases ______________________
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Nutrition and Eating
Disorders
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________of obese adolescents
become obese adults
Being overweight in adolescence can
lead to life-threatening _______
conditions in adulthood (even when
weight is lost)
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Body Image
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_________ normal increase in body fat at
puberty leads to more dissatisfaction with
their bodies
_______ are becoming more muscular and
therefore more satisfied with their bodies
By age ___, more than half the girls
sampled in 16 countries were dieting or
thought they should be
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Eating Disorders
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________________________
– Eating disorder characterized by selfstarvation and an unrealistic body image
________________________
– Eating disorder in which a person
regularly eats huge quantities of food and
then purges the body using laxatives,
induced vomiting, fasting, or excessive
exercise
– ___ or ____times as common as anorexia
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The Fine Print
Because of the tremendous
pressure to be thin, many
models end up suffering
from bulimia or anorexia.
And such debilitating
symptoms such as
constipation, ulcers, hair
loss, tooth decay, and
seizures. Next time you go
on a diet, ask yourself, who
are you modelling yourself
after?
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Use and Abuse of Drugs
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Turn to drugs out of curiosity, desire for
sensation, peer pressure, escape from
overwhelming problems
Substance abuse: Repeated, harmful
use of a substance, usually alcohol or
other drugs
Substance dependence: Addiction
(physical or psychological, or both) to a
harmful substance
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Sexually Transmitted
Diseases
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_________ in three cases of STDs
occurs among adolescents
Main reason for the spread among
adolscence are early sexual activity,
multiple high-risk partners, failure to
use __________ or use them regularly
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STD’S con’t …
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Young women show higher prevelance of
chlamydia, gonorrhea, and ________ than
young males
______________ is the most common SDT
Human papilloma virus (HPV – genital
warts) is also very common
Symptoms may not appear until disease is
causing serious long-term complications, so
early detection is important
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Depression
– As many as _____ percent of children and _____
percent of adolescents have major depression at a
given time
– Adolescent _______ are especially subject to
depression
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Suicide
– Suicide rates for _______ has increased, females
attempted suicide more often than males, ____
youth more likely than those in school
– Gay & lesbian youth have __________ rates of
depression, suicide, and attempted suicide
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Death in Adolescence
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Frequency of car crashes, handgun deaths,
suicide in this age group reflects a violent
culture, as well as adolescents’
________________ and ____________
which often lead to risk taking and
carelessness
______________________ are the leading
cause of death among U.S. teenagers
Ready availability of guns in the home is a
major factor in teenage suicide
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Protective Factors
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Adolescents who are getting emotional
support at home and are doing well in
school have the __________ chance of
avoiding the health hazards of adolescence
Parents’ spending _____ and being _______
Adolescent’s sense that parents and
teachers are warm and _________, and
have high expectations for achievement
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Despite the perils
of adolescence,
most emerge
with a mature,
healthy body and
zest for life