Transcript No Slide Title

CO2 Capture and Storage
CCS
Introduction
It has become a worldwide fact that we are facing a critical climatic challenge. Five
wedges, to solve this challenge, have been created by Princeton University.
Pros & Cons
Case Scenario
Conclusion
• This solution is not supposed to be a single solution. It has to interact with the other
Sustainable development is conflict with our current cultural pattern.
The usage of CCS is a temporary solution, and the only solution
renewable resources.
• CCS is an emergency solution. It is not meant to solve the problem, just to give
The vision for a global sustainable development is to maintain and to spread a high living
scientists more time, to find a proper solution.
standard, while maintaining a sustainable climate. But with the current global climate
The concept of CO2 storage is simple. Capture the CO2, on the power plant, before it
• The efficiency of plants using CCS will decrease in the beginning but as the technology
changes caused by CO2 emissions, the visions seems quite unrealistic.
reaches the atmosphere, then compress it to a liquid form, and store it below the ground.
evolves, it will rise again.
Some of the largest contributors of CO2
• CCS is able to be commercial within 11 years, which is in 2020.
emissions are facing a conflict. These
fossil fuels production, is essential for an eventual reduction of CO2
There are already several pilot projects running, and demo projects are in progress.
countries
• CCS gets rid of CO2 from the atmosphere, which is the most urgent climate related
level worldwide.
redirecting their energy sector from
problem the world is dealing with currently.
being depended on fossil fuels in a
The overall CO2 content in the atmosphere can be reduced if we combine CCS with
short time perspective. At this point the
biomass.
current renewable technologies are not
CO2 emissions worldwide. Countries
efficient enough. There is a need of a
size determined by total amount of CO2
• One fourth of the energy produced, will be used to rinse the smoke from CO2; this will
temporary energy solution to maintain
emissions in year 2006.
result in the demand to produce more energy to be able to supply the consumer with the
our cultural pattern as well as a
same amount of energy as usual.
sustainable climate.
This case will examine one of them, Carbon Capture and Storage.
However, this method contains some consequences, on a socio-economical level and a
public acceptance. Even though the social consequence is defined by a low risk, the
economical consequence is still keeping the method on a “standby”. It’s a question of
political influence, and global awareness with this method.
This method won’t be established without the governments agreement and contribution, in
addition the public’s approval. That’s why we are raising awareness of this method’s
qualities, and why it’s necessary to use this particular method as fast as possible.
• People are afraid, that the CO2 might escape from the underground. This is highly
Method
will
have
difficulties
right now, to the CO2 emission, and acts a first generation in the
development plan to a sustainable climate.
Furthermore it’s ability to be integrated in the areas depended on
in
USA has a well developed infrastructure with 40 years of experience in transporting
unlikely though, if the storage area is situated below impenetrable rock layers, such as
CO2 gasses by pipelines in context with oil pumping. It would be beneficial to use the
clay or salt. It is only possible for the CO2 to escape, if the top layer has cracks in it like
CCS method, as the opportunities of storing CO2 in the ground in former oil reservoirs
mountain formations might have, and even then, it is only hazardous if there is almost no
are good.
The "post-combustion" is the most promising method for CCS.
wind present, so the CO2 will sink to the bottom of a nearby valley.
In power plants, fuel is burned and the smoke is cleaned for sulphur and particles -
• It is very expensive to extract CO2 from smoke; that is why power plants need financial
Potential
exactly as usual. The rest (water and carbon dioxide) is mixed with an amine, which binds
support.
underground
storage layers.
the carbon dioxide. Steam is let through the chimney and up into the air. Then a process
plant separates the carbon dioxide from the amine - the amine can be reused.
Alternative application to CCS
Using very high pressure, carbon dioxide is liquefied. The liquid carbon dioxide is now
If CO2 is stored in underground pockets instead of porous rock layers, scientists might be
able to be stored underground.
able to convert it into methanol and use it for energy production in the future.
Not all places are suitable for CCS. Therefore the underground is carefully analysed using
seismic measuring. Saline aquifers (e.g. sandstone), with an impenetrable layer (e.g. clay)
above, is the most promising storage solution.
The present power production & the potentiel usage of CCS method.
Liquid carbon dioxide is pumped underground and stored permanently.
Litterature
Illustration’s contributed by Vattenfall AB.
Regards to
- Vattenfall AB, Denmark,
- Joergen Broen , Vattenfall
- Peter Johannesen
- Henrik Wenzel, SDU
The present power production is defined by coal fired plants with CO2 emission. The potential CCS application will not only remove the CO2 from the produced smoke, but also remove it
This illustration shows power production with fossil fuels, combined with the CCS
method. NB: the CCS application is on the right side of the line.
from the atmosphere layout. Because of the combination of coal and biomass, we will still be able to maintain the same energy efficiency, and the same energy output. While we store the
- The Danish Climate Ministary
- Soroe Academy
CO2 below the ground.
Made by: Mohammed Daoud, Joachim Johansen, Elombe Parfait, Casper Petersen, Louise Brand, Jakob Mosumgaard & Maria Karlsen.