Transcript The New Economy, the New Diversity, & the New Inequality

Project website: http://www.oxy.edu/departments/ess/
A General Picture of the Model
Philanthropy
Organizing
Research
The L.A. Collaborative
Receive litigation monies
Liberty Hill
Fiscal agent - funds
Outreach, organizing,
and mobilization
TA for
new groups
Regrant to grassroots groups
Convene groups for learning in EJ Institute
Issue identification &
strategic
planning
Community training
and leadership
development
Coordinate
collaborative
Making the
case for
funds & attn.
Communities
for a Better
Environment
Research for
outreach &
policy change
Public policy
voice
Framework studies that demonstrate the case
First tier “fundamental” research
Action research &
timely op-eds
Occidental,
UCSC, Brown
Researching Environmental Justice
and Community Health

Demonstrating Disparities

Analyzing Determinants of
Disparities

Understanding Evolution of
Contemporary Pattern

Documenting Potential
Health and Other Risks
Is There Environmental Racism?
N
5
0
5
10 Miles
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TSDFs (< 50 tons/yr)
TSDFs (> 50 tons/yr)
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Minority Residents (per tract)
< 27.9 %
27.9% - 63.0%
> 63.0 %
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But Income Also is Highly Correlated
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TSDFs (< 50 tons/yr)
TSDFs (> 50 tons/yr)
Annual Per-Capita Income (tract)
< $10,890
$10,890 - $18,610
> $18,610
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Teasing Out Causes Requires
Multivariate Analysis
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Income, Land Use, and
Manufacturing Employment Matter
But Race Still Has an Independent
and Important Effect
And TSDFs Actually in Areas of
Denser Population
But What About Other
Hazards?
Distribution of TRI Releases and Race
in Metropolitan Los Angeles Area
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Tracts where percentage of
African-American or Latino
residents exceeds
Southern California average
33/50 TRI Air Releases (1992)
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For TRI Facilities . . .
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Income, Land Use, and
Manufacturing Presence May Matter
But Race Still Has an Independent
and Important Effect
And Degree of Toxicity -- the facilities
with carcinogens -- is Correlated with
Race
But Which Came First?
Significant Differences at
Demographics of Areas Likely to Receive Facilities, 1970-90
Time of Siting . . .
60
55
50
Percent Minority
percent
45
Percent Blue Collar
40
35
30
25
20
TSDF sited
No TSDF sited
But Similar Shifts Afterward . . .
Change in Demographics of Areas (Receiving & nonreceiving), 1970-90
30
25
20
percent
15
Percent Minority
Percent Blue Collar
10
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-5
-10
TSDF sited
No TSDF sited
How About Air Pollution? Lifetime
Cancer Risk from Ambient Air
Pollution in Southern California
Ventura
County
Los Angeles
County
San Bernardino County
Riverside County
Cancer Risk
(per 100,000 population)
6.78 - 49.1
49.1 - 67.7
67.7 - 591
Minority Residents
(percent per tract)
< 27.9%
27.9% - 63.3%
> 63.3%
Orange
County
As Before, It Isn’t Just Income
Lifetime Cancer Risk per 100,000
80
White
75
African Am.
70
Asian
Latino
65
60
55
50
45
40
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Household Income
Cancer and Respiratory Risks
for Schoolchildren by Race, LAUSD
75
30
70
28
65
26
60
24
55
22
50
20
45
18
40
16
Anglo
African American
E xc es s Canc er Ris k
Latino
Res piratory Ris k
Asian
R e s p ir a to r y H a z a r d In d e x
L i fe ti m e C a n c e r R i s k ( p e r 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 )
Environmental Risks are Unequal for
Children As Well
Public School
Academic
Performance
Index and
Estimated
Cumulative
Respiratory
Risk From
Ambient Air
Toxics for
LAUSD
The Disparities Can Have Consequences
for Academic Performance
API Score by Environmental Ranking
600
550
500
450
API Score
400
No TRI's w/in TRI w/in one
one mile
mile
Lowest
respiratory
risk
Middle
respiratory
risk
Highest
respiratory
risk
Effects Hold in a Multivariate Analysis
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Scores are Lower Even When You
Control for School Poverty,
Teacher Quality, and Other Factors
Up to Ten Percent of Racial Score
Difference Could Be Due to
Environmental Stress
Policy Implications as the State
Launches School-building Effort
But It Must Be Getting Better,
Right?
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% People of Color (quantiles)
< 26%
26% - 49%
49% - 78%
> 78%
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TRI Air Release (2000)
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Is It
Getting
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Pattern of
TRI
Facilities in
California by
Ethnicity for
2000
$$$
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Different
Demographics,
Ethnic Composition Within One Mile of a TRI Facility
TRI; 2000 Census)
Different(2000
Environment
100%
10.7%
11.5%
5.8%
7.3%
90%
80%
70%
25.0%
60%
41.9%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
54.9%
Asian Pacific
African-American
Latino
Anglo
36.1%
0%
For tracts not within one mile of a TRI
For tracts within one mile of a TRI
Research and Advocacy in Collaboration
Research and Advocacy Guidelines



Research Decision Mechanism
Maintaining Rigor, Relevance, &
Reach
Academic Publications, Popular
Articles, Policy Interventions
EJ’s Future in the State
Understanding of Environment Inequity
80%
72%
70%
61%
60%
60%
58%
percent of group
White
Latino
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Toxic waste is more likely in minority communities

Parks are less likely in minority communities
Increasing recognition by all
groups that environmental
inequities are common
EJ’s Future in the State
Attitudes Toward The Economy-Environment "Tradeoff"
60%
54%
52%
50%
All
Latino
50%
42%
percent of group
40%
36%
37%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Ocean and beach pollution is a big Urban sprawl's threat to the Sierras Urban sprawl's threat to farmlands
problem
is a big problem
is a big problem

Increasing awareness that
communities of color are
environmental allies
EJ’s Future in the State

Environmental justice raises
broader issues of equity in the
distribution of opportunities
 It can build new bases for
common ground and new
policies are on the agenda