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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Overview
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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
The Need for Fibre Joints in Building Cabling
Joints in fibre are needed for a number of reasons:
All of the fibre/cable in a building cannot be installed as one
continuous cable run.
Cable is installed in sections so joints are needed to combine
sections together to complete the network cabling
Joints are also needed to repair a damaged fibre
Temporary access is needed for test purposes
There are three basic types of joint:
Optical fibre connector, demountable connection
Fusion splice, permanent connection
Mechanical splice
ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Cable Termination in Buildings
In most building and campus
installations fibre cabling is
installed between patchpanels
Cable or Fibre termination refers
to the process of terminating a
cable run in a patchpanel where
each fibre is terminated in a
connector
Patchcords at patchpanels are
used to configure the cabling
system.
Intermediate splices and
enclosures may be needed,
where a cable enters/leaves a
building
19" rack patchpanel
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Cable 3
19" rack patchpanel
19" rack patchpanel
Connectors for patchcords to
transceivers or other fibres
ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Patchpanel Termination using Connectors
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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Patchpanel Termination using Splices/Fibre Pigtails
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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Loss in Fibre Joints
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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Misalignment Losses
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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Standards for Fibre Joints in Buildings
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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Building Cabling Connectors and Standards
Presently the ST-compatible connector is the most commonly used connector for
termination.
The TIA/EIA-568-A, Standard specifies the Duplex SC (568SC) connector interface at
all terminations at patchpanels and outlets.
Standard provides a migration path option for users of ST-compatible connectors.
The primary advantages of the 568SC connector are:
I t is a duplex connector, which allows for the management of polarity.
I t has been recommended by a large number of standards.
Most SC connectors offer a pull-proof feature for patch cords.
ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Optical Connector Basics
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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Termination Procedures
Every termination kit will have specific tools and instructions but there are a number of
generic steps for standard connectors
Prepare
connector
Load ferrule
with epoxy
Insert fibre
into connector
Crimp
connector
Prepare fibre
and clean
Cure Epoxy
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ferrule and
fibre end-face
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Clean and
polish ferrule
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Cleave
excess fibre
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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Quick-fit Connectors
Connector design allows one or more termination steps to be eliminated
Saves cost, tooling and most importantly time
Restricted to multimode fibre, mainly ST style connectors
Products available from 3M, AMP, ATC etc..
Prepare
connector
Load ferrule
with epoxy
Prepare fibre
and clean
Insert fibre
into connector
Preloaded epoxy or
no epoxy needed
Crimp
connector
Cure Epoxy
Zero or minimal
polishing
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ferrule and
fibre end-face
Final
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assembly
Clean and
polish ferrule
end-face
Cleave
excess fibre
from ferrule
ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
No curing
needed
AMP XTC LightCrimp
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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
High Density Connectivity
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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
3M Volition Connector
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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
AMP MT-RJ Fibre Optic System
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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Types of Fibre Joint
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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Cleaving Steps
ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Bad Cleave Examples
ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Fusion Splice Principles
Cleaved fibre ends are fused permanently together using an electric arc
During splicing fibres area held in V-grooves for alignment
A variety of splicers have developed to cater for multimode and singlemode fibre
Electrodes
Fixed
Movable
V-grooves for fibre
alignment
End-on view of
V-groove with fibre
ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Steps in the Splice Process
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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Assessing Splice Quality
Fibre cladding has a
smooth surface on a good
splice
No faults or shadows
should be visible inside
the fibre image
Poor splice quality is
caused by:
Poor quality cleaving
Incorrect splice parameters
Common splice problems
Wrong program setting
ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Common Splicing Problems
Problem
Persistently high
splice loss
Causes
Action
Wrong fibre
Set for singlemode but multimode is being spliced or vice
versa.
Determine fibre type and correct
Default settings
changed
Check splicer settings against instructions
High temperature or
humidity
Shorten or lengthen fusion time and/or fusion current as
per instructions
Dirty or worn electrodes Clean or replace electrodes as per manufacturers
instructions
Fusion splicer cannot
complete operation
End face quality is
unsatisfactory
Inspect fibre end-faces.
If required redo cleave and cleaning procedure
Fibres cannot be aligned
Check view
V-groove may be dirty, clean as per instructions
Fibre may be dirty, clean
Incorrect strip and cleave lengths, redo
Cannot set correct gap
Fibre incorrectly inserted, adjust and inspect
ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Fusion Splicers: Northern Telecom Compact
Fixed V-groove alignment
Loss 0.05 dB (SM) and 0.02 dB (MM)
Integral 4" LCD panel
Automatic alignment of fibre cores
8 default splicing programmes
Automatic proof test (220 grams) carried
out after each splice
Northern Telecom Compact Splicer
ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Splice Protection
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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Mechanical Splices
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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
3M Fibrlok Splices
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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
AMP Corelink Splice
Features:
No tools required, except for simple key
Re-usable
Multimode and singlemode
Accommodates 250 and 900 micron
fibres
Fibre clamped in place by twist of key
Transparent body allows operator to
see fibre positions
Mean splice loss <0.1 dB
ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)
Summary
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ADAPT is a Human Resources Community Initiative supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund (ESF)