Transcript A+ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Software 2e

A+ Guide to Software
Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting
THIRD EDITION
Chapter 4
Installing and
Using Windows 9x
You Will Learn…
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About the Windows 9x architecture
How to install Windows 9x and how to
install hardware and applications using
Windows 9x
About tools for using Windows 9x
About the Windows 9x boot process
About tools to manage and troubleshoot
Windows 9x
How to troubleshoot Windows 9x
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Windows 9x Architecture

Core components
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Shell – relates to users and applications
• User component
• GDI (Graphics Device Interface)
• Kernel – Interacts with hardware
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Windows 9x is the Bridge from
DOS to Windows NT/2000/XP
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Windows 9x Architecture
(continued)
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Windows 9x Uses the Virtual
Machine Concept

Set of resources made
available to an
application through
predefined application
programming interface
(API) calls
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Multiple logical
machines within one
physical machine
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Installing Windows 9x
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Windows 9x for a New PC
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More expensive
Windows 9x Upgrade requires either
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Previous version of Windows installed on
the PC
A CD or floppy disk from an earlier version
of Windows
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Preparing for Installation
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Verify hardware requirements are met
Check the HCL for legacy device support
Check software compatibility
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Types of Installations
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Clean install
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Ignores any settings in currently installed OS
Requires reinstallation of hardware and
applications
Takes longer but results in a fresh start
Upgrade install
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Carries forward hardware, software, user
preferences, and other settings
Faster, but can carry forward problems
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Installing 9x as an Upgrade
1.
Start the PC, load current OS
2.
Close all open applications, virus
scanners, System Tray icons
3.
4.
Insert CD-ROM, enter D:\Setup.exe
Follow instructions on the setup screen;
install Windows in the same folder as
the current OS
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Installation Process from the
Setup Screen
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Typical – All components usually
installed
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Portable – Used for a notebook PC
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Compact – Smallest possible
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Custom – Select any group of
components
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Once Installation is Complete
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Verify correct system date and time
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Install any additional Windows
components
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Download available service packs and
patches
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Test and troubleshoot applications
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Configuring Windows 9x Startup
with Msdos.sys
Msdos.sys is a text file that contains
several parameters affecting how the
OS boots
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Go to an OS command prompt
Go to the hard drive root directory
Make Msdos.sys available for editing
Make a backup copy
Use Edit.com to edit the file
Save the file and return it to a hidden, readonly system file
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Installing Hardware with Windows
9x
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A device driver is software written to
interface a specific device and OS
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Found New Hardware Wizard is used to
install a device driver for new hardware
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Install Windows device driver by selecting
the hardware device from a list
Install your own device driver by using Have
Disk…
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Using Device Drivers Supplied by
the Device Manufacturer
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Viewing Currently Installed
Display Driver
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Windows 98 Update Device
Driver Wizard
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Use Device Manager to Uninstall a
Device
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If a new device fails, try uninstalling and
reinstalling the device
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Select the device, then click Remove
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Reboot and allow Found New Hard-ware
Wizard to launch
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Plug and Play Hardware
Installation
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System BIOS must be PnP
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All hardware devices and expansion
cards must be PnP-compliant
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The OS must be Windows 9x or another
OS that supports PnP

A 32-bit device driver must be available
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Preparing for Software Installation

Check available resources
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Hard drive

Memory
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CPU and video monitor

Protect original software

Back up registry and system
configuration files
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Installing Software
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Use Add/Remove Programs icon from
Control Panel
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If CD-ROM drive is set to Autorun, a
setup screen may appear as soon as the
software CD is inserted
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Older software may require executing an
installation program from the Run dialog
box
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Properties Sheet for a DOS
Application
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Display Properties Window
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Background. Select desktop wallpaper or pattern
Screen Saver. Select
screen saver and settings
Appearance. Color
scheme
Effects. Icon settings
Web. Active Desktop
Settings. Colors and
display size
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Taskbar Properties Window
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Creating a Shortcut
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A shortcut on the
desktop is an icon
that points to a
program you can
execute, or to a file
or folder

Double-clicking an
icon loads the
software
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Other Ways to Create a Shortcut
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Start Menu Programs tab on Taskbar
Properties window
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Select the file, folder, or program in
Explorer or My Computer; select Create
Shortcut from the File menu
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From the File menu in Explorer, click
New and then Create Shortcut
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More…
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Managing Icons
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Managing Icons (continued)
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Windows Explorer

Click Start, Programs, Windows Explorer
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Right-click My Computer and select
Explore from the menu
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Right-click Start and select Explore from
the menu

Open My Computer and click the View
menu, Explorer bar, Folders
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My Computer
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Use the Shortcut Menu to Manage
Items in Explorer
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Deleting a Folder

Right-click folder and select Delete
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Sends folder and all its contents to
Recycle Bin
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Empty Recycle Bin to free disk space
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Recycle Bin contents are not deleted
until it is emptied
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Properties of a File in Windows

File Attributes
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Read-only
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Hidden
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Archive
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Folder Properties
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From Explorer, click Tools, Folder Options,
and the View tab
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Windows 9x hides known file extensions
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To display all file extensions, uncheck
“Hide file extensions for known file types”
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Device Manager
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Files Used to Customize the
Startup Process

Autoexec.bat and
Config.sys are
processed for
backwards
compatibility with
DOS

Initialization (.ini)
files are read for
backwards
compatibility with
Windows 3.x
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Windows .ini Files
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Windows 9x Startup Process
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Io.sys is responsible for only the initial
startup process in real mode
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Vmm32.vxd takes over and works in
protected mode
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Msdos.sys is a text file used to configure
the way Windows 9x boots
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Phase 1: BIOS POST and Bootstrap
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Determines which devices are PnP
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Enables non-PnP devices
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PnP devices receive leftover resources
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Performs POST
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Saves information for later use by OS
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Locates boot device
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MBR program executes bootstrap loader
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Phase 2: The OS is Loaded
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Himem.sys – access to extended memory
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Ifshlp.sys – 16-bit access to file system
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Setver.exe – backwards DOS
compatibility
Drvspace.bin – provides disk
compression
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Phase 3: Static VxDs

Virtual Device Driver (VxD) works with
virtual machine to provide access to
hardware for software running in VM
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
Static VxD remains in memory once loaded
Dynamic VxD loaded and unloaded from
memory as needed
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Phase 4: Protected Mode
Switchover and PnP Configuration
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Vmm32.vxd switches to protected mode
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Configuration Manager configures legacy
and PnP devices
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Uses information left for it by PnP BIOS
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Loads 32-bit VxDs for PnP devices
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Phase 5: Loading the Remaining
Components
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Three core components, fonts, and other
resources loaded
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Win.ini checked
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Shell and desktop loaded
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Logon dialog box displayed
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Startup directory processes
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System Applet in Control Panel
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Performance tab can be used to optimize
performance
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Real mode device drivers may be in use
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File System: “Some drives are using MSDOS compatibility”
Virtual Memory: “MS-DOS compatibility
mode”
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System Monitor
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System Configuration Utility
1.
Start, Programs, Accessories,
System Tools, System Information
2.
From Tools menu, select System
Configuration Utility
3.
Select Diagnose startup –
interactively load device drivers and
software, Click OK to restart
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System Configuration Utility
(continued)
Selective startup
4.
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Restore one device after another
If problem persists:
5.
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Scan for virus

Use Registry Checker
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Use File System Checker

Check CMOS
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System Information Window
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Dr. Watson
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Used to troubleshoot applications
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Creates a log file

Check Website
http://support.microsoft.com
for problems and
solutions
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How the Registry is Organized
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Windows 95 Backup of the
Registry
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Registry is stored in two files
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Windows 95 creates a new backup copy
on each successful boot
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System.dat
User.dat
System.da0
User.da0
Restores from backup if missing during
boot
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Windows 98/Me Registry Checker
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Registry Editor
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To edit registry
manually
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
Back up two
registry files
Use Registry
Editor
(Regedit.exe)
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Troubleshooting Windows 9x
Boot Process
1.
Address any error messages
2.
Boot in Safe Mode
3.
Boot to the command prompt
4.
Boot from emergency startup disk
5.
Try Fdisk
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Normal

Eliminate Config.sys or Autoexec.bat
by using Step-by-step confirmation
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Eliminate Win.ini or System.ini
1.
Change name of System.ini to System.sav
2.
Copy System.cb, rename to System.ini
3.
Add drivers=mmsystem.dll to System.ini
4.
Change name of Win.ini to Win.sav
5.
Restart the computer
A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
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Safe Mode (Press F5 While
Booting)

Does not execute

Entries in the registry
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Config.sys
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Autoexec.bat
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
System.ini [boot] and
[385Enh] sections
Minimum default
configuration

Standard VGA
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Using Scandisk
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Safe Mode with Network Support
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
Used when Windows 95 is stored on a
network server and changes must be
downloaded in Safe Mode
Does not exist in Windows 98/Me: network
support automatically included
Step-by-Step Confirmation

Asks for confirmation before executing
each command in Io.sys, Config.sys,
Autoexec.bat
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Command Prompt Only
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Available in Windows 95/98, not Me
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Executes the contents of Autoexec.bat
and Config.sys, stops at DOS prompt

Type WIN to load Windows 95/98
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Safe Mode Command Prompt
Only
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Does not execute the contents of
Autoexec.bat and Config.sys
Stops at DOS prompt
Previous Version of DOS


Loads previous version of DOS if one
was present when Windows installed
Not available in Windows 98 SE or Me
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Troubleshooting with the
Startup Menu

Try a hard boot

Try Safe Mode

Try Step-by-step confirmation

Try Logged option

Try Command Prompt Only

Try Safe Mode Command Prompt Only
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Using the Startup Disk for
Troubleshooting

Boot with an emergency startup disk

Attempt to access the hard drive


Successful access means the problem lies
with OS boot record, OS hidden files, or
command interface files
Unsuccessful access means the problem
lies with the partition table, Master Boot
Record, hard drive, cables, or power supply
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Windows 98 Rescue Disk
Startup Menu
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Troubleshooting Windows 9x
Hardware and Software

Begin by asking the user questions

Try rebooting

Check for memory module corruption

Turn on external devices before booting

Try a malfunctioning device with another
application

More…
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Windows Troubleshooter


Try clicking Start,
Help, and then
Troubleshooting
Lots of
troubleshooting
information at
http://support.microsoft.com

Check manuals,
training materials,
other Web sites
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Summary
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Windows 9x architecture
Installing Windows 9x and installing
hardware and applications using
Windows 9x
Tools for using Windows 9x
Windows 9x boot process
Tools for managing and troubleshooting
Windows 9x
Troubleshooting Windows 9x
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