Transcript The Columbian Exchange

The
Columbian Exchange
• When explorers created contacted between Europe &
the Americas, the interaction with Native Americans led
to BIG cultural changes.
•The Columbian Exchange is the exchange of physical
elements such as, plants, animals, diseases, and weapons.
Animals
• During this time period, the ONLY domesticated animals
in the Americas were…LLAMAS!
•European explorers brought horses, pigs, cattle, & sheep.
•This completely changed the way that the land was used!
Plants
• With all of these new farm animals, it was time to start
planting crops.
• Europeans brought cash crops to the Americas: sugar,
rice, wheat, coffee, bananas, & grapes.
•These new crops flourished in the Americas.
Plants
• Europeans find crops in the Americas:
•Maize (corn), tomatoes, tobacco, cacao (chocolate),
beans, and cotton.
• They bring these plants back to Europe, where they are
very popular.
•Think—Italian spaghetti…What if they never had
tomatoes?
Diseases
• Europeans (unknowingly) brought over diseases that
the natives weren’t immune to. These diseases spread by
air & touch.
• Smallpox, measles, diphtheria, whooping cough,
chickenpox, bubonic plague, scarlet fever, & influenza
were the most common.
Old World (Europe, Asia, &
Africa)
Apples, bananas, citrus
fruits, grapes, melons,
peaches, pears
Broccoli, cabbage, carrots,
lettuce, onions, radishes
Contribution
Vegetables
Avocados, green beans,
pumpkins squash
Barley, oats, rice, rye,
wheat
Black pepper, cinnamon,
cloves, ginger
Grains
Maize (corn)
Spices
Chili peppers, vanilla
Coffee, tea
Sugar cane, olives
Cattle, chickens, donkeys,
goats, horses, pigs, sheep
Drinks
Other Plants
Animals
Chocolate
Tobacco
Guinea pigs, llamas,
turkeys
Cholera, malaria, measles,
mumps, small pox,
typhoid, yellow fever
Diseases
Syphilis
Fruits
New World
(The Americas)
Pineapples, tomatoes,
papaya, strawberries
Devastating Effects
Natives had no natural resistance to European diseases
and the population dramatically decreased for decades.
• Inca empire decreased from 13 million to 2 million
in 1600.
• North American population fell from 2 million in
1492 to 500,000 in 1900.
Devastating Effects
• Europeans need labor to cultivate all the new crops in
the Americas, but there weren’t many natives left because
of diseases.
• Europeans look to Africa for labor and begin to steal
Africans to work as slaves in the Americas.
Impact
• Different Foods & Animals
•Over time, crops native to the Americas became staples
in the diets of Europeans.
•These foods provided nutrition, thus helping people live
longer.
•Economics
•Activities like cattle ranching and coffee growing were
not possible before this time.
Effects Around the Globe
The Columbian Exchange not only impacted Europe & the
Americas, but also…
•China:
Arrival of easy-to-grow, nutritious corn helped the population grow
tremendously.
•Africa:
Two native crops of Americas—corn & peanuts--among most widely
grown today
Scholars estimate one-third of all food crops grown in the world
are of American origin!
Let’s Review
1. What was the Columbian Exchange?
2. What was the only domesticated animal in Latin
America?
3. Which animals did the Europeans bring to Latin
America?
4. What are some native crops that the Europeans brought
back to Europe?
5. What did many natives die from?
6. Why did diseases kill so many natives?
7. Who did the Europeans get to work on plantations and in
mines when most of the native population had died?
8. What is an example of a “traditional cuisine” that was
created after the Columbian Exchange?
Who Am I?
I introduced the horse.
Who Am I?
I introduced tomatoes.
Who Am I?
I introduced cacao
(chocolate).
Who Am I?
I introduced smallpox.
Who Am I?
I introduced weapons.
Who Am I?
I introduced potatoes.
Who Am I?
I introduced corn.
Who Am I?
Thumb-Print Comic
• We are going to create finger-print comic strips about the
Columbian Exchange.
• You will need to have 8 different scenes that explain the
Columbian Exchange.
• Check out some examples…
Columbian Exchange Comic Strips!
Teachers
• Give each student a copy of the graphic organizer
pages (print front & back to save paper/ink). They will
complete this organizer first, and then use it to create
an I Am poem about the Columbian Exchange.
•(See Example at the end.)
First Stanza
I am
(Two special
characteristics the
person or thing has)
I wonder
(something the
person or thing
could actually be
curious about)
I hear
(an imaginary or
actual sound)
I see
(an imaginary or
actual sight)
I want
(a desire)
I am
(the first line of the
poem is repeated)
Second Stanza
I pretend
I feel
(something the person or thing could
pretend to do)
(an emotion)
I touch
(an imaginary touch)
I worry
((something that could actually bother
the person or thing)
I cry for
(something that could make the
person or thing upset)
I am
(the first line of the poem is repeated)
Third Stanza
I understand
(something the person or
thing knows to be true)
I say
(something the person or
thing believes in)
I dream
I try
I hope
I am
(something the person or
thing could actually dream
about)
(something the person or
thing could make an effort
to do)
(something the person or
thing could hope for)
(the first line of the poem is
repeated)
I Am… Poem
• Imagine that you are a Native American, European explorer, crop (potato,
tomato, corn), horse, pig, disease, etc. that was impacted by the Columbian
Exchange.
• Fill in the lines of the graphic organizer with information about yourself.
•
•You may use the graphic organizer for brainstorming, but please write
your final draft on a separate sheet of paper.
•Please illustrate your poem.
I Am the Horse
I am furry and brown.
I wonder if people notice the natives dying.
I hear people groaning because of how bad they hurt.
I see yellow and purple spots on them.
I want to be ridden, but I can’t.
I am furry and brown.
I pretend my owner isn’t sick and is riding me.
I feel his presence on my back.
I touch his hand with my nose.
I worry he might die from disease too.
I cry for him.
I am furry and brown.
I understand that he’s dead now.
I say to myself, “Don’t go”.
I dream he rides me one last time.
I try to hear his voice.
I hope I’ll see him again one day.
I am furry and brown.