Transcript The Reproductive System

The Reproductive
System
The Stages of Life
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Infancy:
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Childhood:
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2 ½ - 12 Years old
Adolescence:
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Birth – 2 ½ Years old
13 – 19 Years old
Adult Hood:
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20 + Years old
Adolescence
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Physical Changes:
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Mental and Emotional Changes:
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Growth spurt
Acne
Body hair
Permanent teeth all in
Mood Swings
Begin to look outward
Interest in opposite sex
Social Changes:
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Friends become very important
Aware of others’ needs
Physical Changes for Boys
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Hairline begins to recede
Larynx enlarges and voice deepens
Shoulders broaden
Facial hair begins to grow
Muscle development
External genitals enlarge
Sperm production begins
Physical Changes for Girls
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Perspiration increases
Waistline narrows
Hips widen
Long bone growth stops
Breasts develop
Uterus and ovaries enlarge
Menstruation begins
The Male Reproductive System
Bladder
Seminal Vesicles
Vas Deferens
Penis
Prostate Gland
Cowper’s Gland
Anus
Urethra
Testicle
Scrotum
Epididymis
The Male Reproductive System
Bladder
Seminal Vesicles
Prostate Gland
Cowper’s Gland
Vas Deferens
Penis
Urethra
Testicle
The Male Reproductive System
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Sperm: The male reproductive cell, fertilizes the
female egg
Semen: Fluid that is ejaculated from the male body;
contains sperm and fluid necessary to keep the
sperm alive for 3-5 days
Seminal Vesicles: Produce the nutrient rich fluid that
caries the sperm
Prostate Gland: Produces prostatic fluid which helps
prolong the sperms lifespan in the vagina
Cowper’s Gland: Produces lubricating fluid needed
for sexual intercourse
The Male Reproductive System
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Urethra: Caries urine and semen out of the
body
Testes or testicles: Two small glands that
produce sperm and testosterone
Scrotum: A sac of skin that holds the testes
Epididymis: Where sperm are stored until
ejaculation
Vas Deferens: Tubes that connect the
epididymus to the urethra
The Female Reproductive System
Fallopian Tubes
Ovary
Uterus
Cervix
Bladder
Vagina
Anus
Labia
Urethra
The Female Reproductive System
Fallopian Tubes
Ovary
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
The Female Reproductive System
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Ovaries: Contain the ova (eggs) and produce
estrogen
Fallopian Tubes: Carry the eggs from the ovaries to
the uterus
Uterus: or womb, shelters and nourishes a
federalized egg until birth
Edometrium: The lining of the uterus
Cervix: Opening to the uterus
Vagina: A muscular passageway from the uterus to
the outside of the body
Labia: External opening to the vagina
The Beginning of Life
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Two cells need to meet in order to make a
baby.
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Ova (Egg)
Sperm
Each contains half of the genetic material
needed to create life.
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All human cells contain 46 chromosomes
23 came from your mom and 23 came from your
dad
The Menstrual Cycle
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Ovulation: The process of releasing an egg
from the ovary to be fertilized.
Before the egg is released the body builds up
the lining of the uterus in preparation for a
fertilized egg.
Menstruation: The flow of the lining material
out of a girl’s body if no fertilized egg is
present.
Menstrual Cycle: The time from one
menstruation to another (usually 28 days)
The Menstrual Cycle
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Most girls begin menstruating between ages
9 – 16.
The end of menstruation is called
menopause. The body no longer has a
menstrual cycle. On average this happens
around age 51.
Common experiences during menstruation:
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Cramps
Nausea
Dizziness
The Menstrual Cycle
Days 1-13
A new egg cell
matures in the
ovary
Day 14
Ovulation occurs,
the mature egg is
released into the
fallopian tube
Days 15-20
The egg travels
along the fallopian
tube and
fertilization occurs
if sperm is present
Days 21-28
The egg enters
the uterus: If
fertilized it will
implant in the
wall and begin to
grow. If
unfertilized
menstruation
begins
Fertilization
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Occurs when a sperm meets an egg in the
fallopian tube
A man releases 110-120 million sperm in one
ejaculation.
The ova (egg) has a hard outer covering that
the sperm need to break through to fertilize
the egg
Only one sperm can fertilize an egg.
Fertilization
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Once an egg has been fertilized:
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The egg travels to the uterus where it implants in
the wall and begins to grow.
The uterus wall is thick with layers of tissue and
has a rich blood supply.
The mother provides nutrition and oxygen for the
baby until it is born
After about 40 weeks the baby is ready to be
born.
Sperm and Eggs
Sperm and Eggs
Multiple Babies
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Twins:
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Triplets:
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Fraternal: Ovaries release 2 eggs and each gets
fertilized
Identical: When the fertilized egg begins to grow
the cell splits and one baby grows from each half.
One set of identical twins and one fraternal egg
In vitro fertilization:
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Usually 6-10 fertilized eggs are placed in the
uterus in hopes that one will implant and begin to
grow.
If all implant the mother will have multiple babies.
Meiosis vs. Mitosis
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Meiosis: A process that the body uses to produce the
sex cells.
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Eggs or Sperm
The reproductive cell splits twice to make 4 sex cells
Meiosis vs. Mitosis
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Mitosis: The process that cells use to make copies of
themselves
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All body cells use mitosis to replace dead cells
Body cell splits once to make two new cells
Problems with the male
reproductive system
Testicular Cancer
Uncontrolled cell growth
that destroys the testes
and spreads easily to
other body systems
Removal of cancerous
testicle. Self exams are
critical to prevent.
Prostate Cancer
Uncontrolled cell growth Surgery / Chemotherapy.
that destroys the prostate Regular exams after 40
and spreads easily to
are critical to prevent.
other body systems
Integuinal Hernia
Part of the intestine
pushed into the scrotum;
caused by improperly
lifting heavy objects
Sterility
Inability to produce
healthy sperm; can be
caused by exposure to
Surgery to repair weak
spot.
No cure!
Problems with the female
reproductive system
Premenstrual
Syndrome
(PMS)
Physical and emotional
changes before
menstruation; headaches,
moodiness, irritability
Can be relieved by
exercise and diet
changes.
Ovarian
Cysts
Abnormal growths on the
outside of the ovaries.
Can cause abnormal
levels of hormones
Surgery
Cancer
Infertility
Breast / Ovarian
Uterine / Cervical
Surgery, Chemotherapy,
Radiation
Self exams are critical in
prevention
Inability to reproduce due
to blockage in fallopian
tubes or failure to release
viable eggs
Can be corrected by
surgery or hormone
treatments
Types of relationships
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Family
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Friends
Professional
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Parent / Child
Sibling / Sibling
Student / Teacher
Boss / Worker
Romantic
Sexual Relationships
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A relationship involving contact with another
person’s sexual organs
Abstinence: Not engaging in sexual
relationships or contact.
Consequences of sexual relationships /
contact:
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Pregnancy
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Peer / Parental disapproval
Jail if one partner is over 18 and one under
Sexually Transmitted
Infections
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Infections that pass from one person to another
through sexual contact.
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Curable:
 Pubic Lice (Crabs) / Scabies
 Chlamydia
 Gonorrhea
 Syphilis
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Non Curable :
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Herpes
Genital Warts
Hepatitis
HIV / AIDS
Pubic Lice / Scabies
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Cause:
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Signs and Symptoms:
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Presence of lice and eggs in pubic hair
Itching and redness
Treatment:
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Small crablike insects
Medicated shampoo
Washing all clothes and bed linens
Complications:
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Bacterial infections can result from scratching
Chlamydia
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Cause:
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Signs and Symptoms:
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Pain / Burning during urination
Redding of the genitals
Purulent discharge (pus)
Treatment:
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Bacteria
Antibiotics
Complications:
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Scarring of genitals
Sterility
Infection of baby if mother is pregnant
Gonorrhea
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Cause:
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Signs and Symptoms:
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Purulent discharge (pus)
Swollen lymph nodes in the groin
Burning during urination
Abnormal menstrual cycles in girls
Treatment:
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Bacteria
Antibiotics
Complications:
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Sterility
Damage to the joints, heart, and other organs
Infection of the baby of mother is pregnant
Syphilis
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Cause:
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Signs and Symptoms:
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Reddish sores in the genital area
Body rash
Treatment:
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Bacteria
Antibiotics
Complications:
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Damage to heart, blood vessels, and nervous
system
Blindness
Insanity
Death
Herpes (1 and 2)
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Cause:
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Signs and Symptoms:
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Type 1: Painful blisters around the mouth (Cold Sores)
Type 2: Painful blisters on the genitals
Sores will come and go and aren’t always present
Treatment:
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Virus
No cure
Drugs can be taken to lengthen time between breakouts
Complications:
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Spreads by contact with a sore
Can be spread just before a sore shows up or just after
Can cause brain damage or death of a baby with an
infected mother
Genital Warts
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Cause:
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Signs and Symptoms:
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Warts in the genital area
Warts do not go away on their own
Treatment:
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Virus
Topical medication
Freezing or cutting off the warts
Complications:
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Can lead to cancer
Obstruction of urinary tract
Can be passed to newborns at birth
Hepatitis
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Cause:
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Signs and Symptoms:
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Abdominal Pain
Breast development in males
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin)
Liver failure / Death
Treatment:
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Virus
Drugs to help relieve pain
Liver transplant
Complications:
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Permanente liver failure
Liver cancer
HIV / AIDS
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Cause:
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Signs and Symptoms:
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Extreme fatigue
Weight loss
Loss of immune system
Treatment:
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Virus (HIV causes AIDS)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Antiretroviral drugs help let person live longer
Complications:
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Lack of immune system leads to getting infections easier.
Person dies from infection such as pneumonia not AIDS
Preventing STIs and
Pregnancy
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Contraceptives: Drugs and physical forms of birth
control and disease control
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Barrier Methods:
 Condom
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Diaphragm
 Cervical Cap
Hormonal Methods
 “The Pill”
 Depo Provera
 Implants
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Male
Female
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Intrauterine Devices:
 A device placed in the uterus
that tricks the body into
thinking its pregnant
Male Condom
Female Condom
Cervical Cap
Diaphragm
IUD
The Pill
Depo Provera
Implants