Transcript M3U2 Learning about language & Grammar

Learning about Language (P.12)
1 __________something
that you say is not true
lie
2 ____________not
to be punished for something
get away with
3__________
uncooked
raw
4__________
curiosity the strong wish to know about sth.
5__________
customer someone who buys things or services
from a shop, company, etc
benefit
6__________a
particular quality that gives someone or
something an advantage
2. Fill in the blanks with words from
the left box and paraphrase the
italicized parts using the phrases
from the right box.
balanced diet raw
slim ought to
energetic
lose weight
lose heart
lose interest
lose face
Julie wanted to become thinner. She knew
ought to
she__________
eat more vegetables and fruit
but little meat. However, as she was so afraid
of being laughed at by her friends, she did not
diet of rice,
consult a doctor but lived on a______
__________
vegetables, bananas and lemons.
raw
Three weeks later, she found she weighed as
much as ever. She felt so sad and hopeless
about herself and her behaviour changed. She
didn’t dare to face her boyfriend and she was
unwilling to visit her friends any more. Luckily,
her best friend Fred came to see her and
encouraged her to exercise, eat a__________
balanced
diet and enjoy life again. Soon Julie became
energetic and__________!
slim
amazingly__________
She felt
very happy.
become thinner--- lose weight
being laughed at by her friend
---losing face
felt so sad and hopeless about herself
---lost heart
was unwilling to visit any more
--- lost interest in visiting
Answer key to Exercise 3:
• 1 √pear; ×cream (fat and all the others
are fruit)
• 2 √sugar; ×mutton (meat and all the
others are energy-giving food)
• 3 √bacon; ×cabbage (vegetable and all
the others are meat)
• 4 √strawberry; ×eggplant (vegetable and
all the others are fruit)
modal verb
(2)
ought to
•
ought to 用于表示"想必会"(语气较must
弱)：
1. 他们想必已到那儿了。
They ought to be there by now.
2. 他最好不要抽烟了。
He ought to stop smoking.
• 多数情况下，ought to可与should互换使用。
• Ought to的反意疑问句用shouldn’t替代。
13. You ought to have helped him with his
English, ________ you ?
A. won’t you
B. ought not you
C. shouldn’t you
D. wouldn’t you
比较had better, should & ought to
• 三者均表示建议，意为“应该”，“应当”
或“最好做…”.
• 三者的语气程度为渐强。
• Had better指一般性的建议，最弱。
• Should&ought to含义相近，常可互换。区
别在于，ought to常指特殊情况下的“应
当”。Should则指一般情况。见下页例句。
• You ought to help him because he is in
trouble now.(语气强，有命令意味。)
• You should have a rest after finishing your
sports.（一般性建议）
• You ought to call the police when you find
something wrong in your house.
• He should take care of the babies tonight.
have to
• have to 表示客观需要去做的事情，意为
“必须，不得不。”
• I have to get the station early to catch the
first train.
• We missed the bus so we had to walk home.
• We have to overcome all kinds of
difficulties.
have to （考点）
• Have to 有多种时态。常见的有：一般将来时，
• We will have to gather at the school gate at 7
tomorrow.
• 一般现在时
• I have to take more money with me because my
gf has so much to buy.
• 一般过去时
• Finally, we had to give up our idea to hold a
picnic outside as it rained for a whole afternoon.
shall , should &ought to
shall用于第一，三人称疑问句，
征求意见或请求
shall 第二，三人称
陈述句,命令,警告,允诺,威胁
should 表劝告，建议，命令，顺理成章的
＝ought to
• 疑问句中常用should代替ought to
•ought to 表应该，语气＞should
• 美语中，ought to用于否，疑句时to 可省
dare & need
Need I do …? Yes, you must.
No, you needn’t.
dare
情态动词
实义动词
否，疑，条
dare not do
不用于肯定句
否,疑don’t dare to do
don’t dare do
need 否，疑
needn’t do
肯：must, have to,
ought to, should
肯：dare to do
(don’t) need sth
(don’t) need to do
must & have to
•Must they do…? Yes, they must.
No, they needn’t/don’t have to.
must
主观／客观
时态
have to
主观
客观
现在，将来
多种
表推测
√
×
询问意愿
√
×
否定意
禁止，不允许
不必
比较must & have to
• must表主观意志，而have to表由于客观因素
不得不做完成的事情。
• Must没有过去式，除在间接引语中可表示过
去的时间。在直接引语中表示过去的时间用
had to代替。
• I told her that she must give up smoking.
• She said, “We had to get everything ready
that night.”
注意对need问句的回答:
--Need I finish the work today?
--Yes, ________________.
you must
you needn’t
No, ________________.
No, ________________.
you don’t have to
needn’t 对其它情态动词的回答:
--Shall I tell John about it?
--No, you __________.
needn’t
(don’t have to)
--Must we do it now?
--No, you __________.
needn’t
(don’t have to)
•Could I borrow your dictionary?(委婉)
---- Yes，you can/may.
Sure. Go ahead.
Please yourself.
•May I take this seat?(第一人称疑问句)
Yes, you may. No, you mustn’t.
高考链接
1.--Is John coming by train?
--He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving
his car.
(2002高考题）
A. must B. can C. need D. may
2.It has been announced that candidates(候选人)
____ remain in their seats until all the papers
have been collected.
(2002上海高考题）
A. can
B.will
C. may
D. shall
3.--I heard they went skiing in the mountains last
winter.
(2002北京高考题）
--It ____ true because there was little snow there.
A. may not be
B. won’t be
C. couldn’t be
D. mustn’t be
Practice 1: 高考考题专练
1. I thought you _____like
something to read, so
B
I have brought you some books.
A. may
B. might
C. would
D. must
2. Where is my pen? I ____it.
D
A. might lose
B. would have lost
C. should have lost D. must have lost
3. I didn’t hear the phone. I ___asleep
B
A. must be
B. must have been
C. should be
D. should have been
4. ---There were already five people in the car,
but they managed to take me as well.
----It ____a
comfortable journey
D
A. can’t be
B. shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
5. It’s nearly seven o’clock . Jack ___be
C
here at
any moment.
A. must
B. need
C. should
D. could
情态动词考题:
1. ---Did the train arrive in time?
B two hours ago.
----No. It _______
A. must have arrived B. ought to have arrived
C. must arrive
D. ought to arrive
2. "Must I drive to his house and pick up the
children?"
"No, C ."
A. you shouldn't
C. you needn't
B. you might not
D. you mustn't
3. We didn't see Tom at the meeting yesterday.
He B it.
A. mustn't have attended
B. cannot have attended
C. needn't have attended
D. would have not attended
4. You ________
such a long composition.
C
The teacher only asked for 300 words. You
have written 600.
A. mustn’t have written
B. couldn’t have written
C. needn’t have written
D. do not have to write
5. There is someone knocking at the
door. A it be Tom?
A. can B. must C. should D. ought to
6. Two years ago, my husband bought me a
bicycle. If you live in town, it is often faster
than a car and you D worry about
parking.
A. must not
C. should not
B. may not
D. don't have to0
Discovering useful structures
(P.13)
• Answer key for Ex.1:
1.Then usually by lunchtime they would all
be sold. (Possibility)
2.What could have happened ? (Possibility)
3.Nothing could be better… (Possibility)
4.Something terrible must have happened
if… (Guessing)
5. He could not believe his eye. (Ability)
6. Perhaps he should go to the library
and find out. (Duty)
7. He could not have Yong Hui getting away
with telling people lies ! (Intention)
8. He had better do some research ! (Duty)
9. Even though her customers might get thin
after eating Yong Hui’s food… (Possibility)
10.They would become tired very back.
(Ability)
2. Choose suitable modal verbs below
to complete the following dialogues.
There may be more than one
possibility
. ought/oughtn’t to
mustn’t needn’t
will can/can’t
should/shouldn’t
(don’t) have to
1 SAM: How can I grow thinner, Mum?
have to
MUM: Well, you __________
eat food with
plenty of fibre that helps you digest
should
better. And you__________
stop drinking
cola or eating sweet food.
shouldn’t eat. my
SAM: Does it mean I__________
favourite fried chicken any more?
MUM: Not exactly, if you love fried chicken,
needn’t give it up. Just eat it less often.
you __________
don’t have to worry too much: a little fried
You__________
chicken__________
do you good!
will
• 2 DOCTOR: You are sick because you’ve eaten
poisonous mushrooms. Where did you get them?
• LUCY: I picked them in the forest. I know
have to eat fresh vegetables.
we__________
mustn’t
• DOCTOR: Oh, you__________
eat them until
you’re sure they are not poisonous.
• LUCY: Thank you, doctor. I’ll be more careful
next time.
• 3 CHARLES: I wish I could see things clearly in the
dark.
ought to help you see
• TOM: Eating carrots__________
better. You__________
eat some every day.
should
Using Structures (P.50)
• Answer key for Ex.1
1. have to, should, need to
2. ought to, should
3. mustn’t, would
4. have to, need to
5. can’t, can’t
Assignment
1. Summarize the rules of the
modal verbs in your own way.
2. Finish the exercises of “Using
words and Expressions P.49