Transcript Slide 1
Boise City Club November 17, 2004
Dr. Robert H. Freilich Freilich, Leitner & Carlisle
Plan • An orderly arrangement of parts of an overall design or objective • The use of man’s or woman’s intelligence with a little forethought
Impending Growth Problems • • • • • • • Decline in existing built-up areas Degradation of the environment Over utilization of energy sources Fiscal strains Deficiencies in public facilities Overburdened transportation facilities Loss of hillside and habitat areas
Sprawl is a Conservative Fiscal Issue Growth has helped fuel … unparalleled economic and population boom and has enabled millions … to realize the enduring dream of home ownership … but sprawl has created enormous costs… Ironically, unchecked sprawl has shifted from an engine of … growth to a force that now threatens to inhibit growth and degrade the quality of our life.
Beyond Sprawl, 1995 Bank of America
The Public Infrastructure Gap National infrastructure deficiencies now exceed $4 trillion $4,000,000,000,000
Capital Costs Shifted to Existing Development
Population A
10,000 $12,000
B C
20,000 30,000
Total
40,000 6,000 4,000 3,000 6,000 4,000 3,000 4,000 3,000 $25,000 $13,000 $7,000
D
3,000 $3,000
Relative Cost of Planned Development v. Sprawl Facility Sprawl Synthesis Duncan Planned Development Burchell Frank Roads 100% Schools 100% Utilities 100% Other 100% 40% 93% 60% 102% 76% 97% 92% N/A 73% 99% 66% 100% 75% 95% 85% N/A
Goals • • • • • Urban Growth Reduce Sprawl Economic Development Property Rights Agricultural Preservation • • • • Open Space & Recreation Environment Citizen Participation & Coordination Public Facilities and Services
Growth Management Rationale • Adequate Public Facilities • Off-Site Impacts • Comprehensive Plan Consistency • Integrated v. Incremental Approach • Defined Growth Areas • Resource Protection (ag. & env.)
Ancillary Techniques • • • • • Inter-governmental agreements Corridors/ Centers Joint Development Concurrency Environmentally Sensitive Lands
Importance of Alternatives • Identify reasonable choices • Analyze the impacts of those choices • Use process to forge consensus / long-term support
Alternatives • Alternative Scenario Maps • Policy Alternatives • Preferred Alternative Selection • Policy Refinement • Analysis of fiscal, transportation, environmental, and legal impacts
San Diego Before After
Transportation Planning & Joint Public/Private Development
Joint Planning - Bridging the City/County Gap • • • • • • • Comprehensive Plan as Constitution Mutual definition of growth tiers Targets State funding to priority growth areas Linkage between CIP, development and annexation Adequate public facilities required Promotes creative, efficient development Limitations on sprawl
Local Government Roles in Joint Development of Transit Centers • • • • • • • • assemble property provide flexible zoning / incentives secure low cost financing construct infrastructure coordinate gov’t agencies expedite development process designate transit corridor establish transit service / centers
Joint Development: Regulatory Incentives • Parking reductions • Impact fee reductions • Concurrency waivers (TCMA) • Density bonuses • TDR • Expedited processing
Joint Development: Techniques • Excess Condemnation • Long term leasing/value capture • Negotiated private sector investments • Connection fees • Concessions
Concurrency and Adequate Public Facilities Planning
Concurrency • Timing and Sequencing (police powers) • CIP (fiscal powers) • Carrying Capacity
Timing of Development & Public Facilities Growth Time
Funding Facilities
Analysis Adopt LOS Standards Deficiencies Facilities for Existing Dev.
General Rev.
Transfers Ad Valorem Tax Joint Funding License/Excise Tax Asset Mgmnt.
Utility Rates Trans.Corps
User Fees
No Deficiencies Facilities for New Dev.
Impact Fees, TDDs, Mandatory Dedications Improvement Requirements Mitigation Fees, CDDs
Dolan/Ehrlich Analysis of Concurrency New Growth Related Facilities Impact Fees Rough Proportionality
Dolan v. City of Tigard
Concurrency Deny Approval Good Faith Test Deficiencies in public services Florida Rationally Related Test Leveraged Negotiation (
Ehrlich v. Culver City
) Development Agreement CIP will solve deficiencies within reasonable period of time Developer gains vested rights, local gov’t gains facilities in greater capacity than rough proportionality
Golden v. Planning Board, Town of Ramapo
: applies to school facilities
Development Agreements • • • • • Concurrency management Serve new demand Solve existing deficiencies Growth management Litigation defense
Congestion Management: Regulatory Alternatives • • • • • • • Zoning Subdivision Approval CUP/SUP Impact Analysis DRI/Special Review Exactions/developme nt agreements Impact fees • • • • • • Adequate Public Facilities Ordinances (APFO’s)/ Concurrency Congestion Pricing Neotraditional/TOD TDM Access management TDR
Transportation • • Patterns • • • Corridors - linear land use patterns that form around regional transportation connectors Centers - the nuclei of the region, with a concentration of the land use activity and transportation improvements; the commercial, residential, entertainment and employment hubs for a region Nodes - concentrations of land use activities that form at the intersection of corridors or other transportation routes Adequate public facilities based on established levels of service
Corridors, Nodes and Centers Concept
Multiple Use
Conventional v. Traditional Neighborhood Development
Separation of uses Maximum densities Street standards designed for cars Curvilinear streets Private open space Large lots Wide setbacks Private orientation Minimum parking Government as Regulator Mixed uses Minimum densities Street standards designed for pedestrians Interconnected streets Public open space Small lots Build-to lines Orientation to public realm Maximum parking Public – Private Partnerships
Mixed Use
Rural Design – the “New Ruralism” Urban Design – the “ New Urbanism ”
Design & New Urbanism • Actions: • • Transportation investment in highways Land use standards promote auto-oriented development • Reactions: • • • Hastened decline of urban core Forced a love-hate reliance on autos Fostered call for transit supportive land use policies
Elements of New Urbanism • • • • • • • Use Density Proximity Bulk/Setback/Area Mixed uses Grid street system Urban design
Joint Development: Regulatory Incentives • Parking reductions • Impact fee reductions • Concurrency waivers (TCMA) • Density bonuses • TDR • Expedited processing
Joint Planning - Bridging the City/County Gap • • • • • • • Comprehensive Plan as Constitution Mutual definition of growth tiers Targets State funding to priority growth areas Linkage between CIP, development and annexation Adequate public facilities required Promotes creative, efficient development Limitations on sprawl
Concurrency and Adequate Public Facilities Planning
Timing of Development & Public Facilities Growth Time
Funding Facilities
Analysis Adopt LOS Standards Deficiencies Facilities for Existing Dev.
General Rev.
Transfers Ad Valorem Tax Joint Funding License/Excise Tax Asset Mgmnt.
Utility Rates Trans.Corps
User Fees
No Deficiencies Facilities for New Dev.
Impact Fees, TDDs, Mandatory Dedications Improvement Requirements Mitigation Fees, CDDs
Development Agreements • • • • • Concurrency management Serve new demand Solve existing deficiencies Growth management Litigation defense
Congestion Management: Regulatory Alternatives • • • • • • • Zoning Subdivision Approval CUP/SUP Impact Analysis DRI/Special Review Exactions/developme nt agreements Impact fees • • • • • • Adequate Public Facilities Ordinances (APFO’s)/ Concurrency Congestion Pricing Neotraditional/TOD TDM Access management TDR
Transportation • • Patterns • • • Corridors - linear land use patterns that form around regional transportation connectors Centers - the nuclei of the region, with a concentration of the land use activity and transportation improvements; the commercial, residential, entertainment and employment hubs for a region Nodes - concentrations of land use activities that form at the intersection of corridors or other transportation routes Adequate public facilities based on established levels of service
Corridors, Nodes and Centers Concept
Multiple Use
Conventional v. Traditional Neighborhood Development
Separation of uses Maximum densities Street standards designed for cars Curvilinear streets Private open space Large lots Wide setbacks Private orientation Minimum parking Government as Regulator Mixed uses Minimum densities Street standards designed for pedestrians Interconnected streets Public open space Small lots Build-to lines Orientation to public realm Maximum parking Public – Private Partnerships
Blueprint for Good Growth & Communities in Motion
Blueprint for Good Growth Process
Demographics • Population – to increase by 220,000 by 2030 or 8,200 people per year in Ada County • Housing – nearly 3,800 new housing units needed each year in Ada County
800,000
Population Projections Source: COMPASS Demographics Advisory Committee
700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 1980 1990 2000 2005 Canyon County Ada County 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Ada Co. Population Projections
City/County
Boise Eagle Kuna Star
Name
Rural County Garden City Meridian
2003
9,800 222,740 17,090 11,570 9,380 52,900 2,360
Population 2030
22,830 324,330 30,040 14,870 28,180 116,820 11,140
Change
13,030 101,590 12,950 3,300 18,800 63,920 8,780
Percent Increase
132.96% 45.61% 75.78% 28.52% 200.43% 120.83% 372.03%
Percent of Total Growth
5.86% 45.69% 5.82% 1.48% 8.45% 28.74% 3.95%
Total Population 325,840 548,210 222,370 168.25%
Source: COMPASS Demographics Advisory Committee
100.00%
Anticipated Growth Means • • • • Increased traffic Increased demands for utilities and services leading to: • Major deficiencies • Fiscal impacts Need for new schools and other public facilities Increasing land use conflicts
Manage traffic and private community goals achieves goals
Contact Information • • • Karen Doherty • [email protected]
• 208-336-0420 Blueprintforgoodgrowth.com
Communitiesinmotion.org