Boise City Club November 17, 2004

Dr. Robert H. Freilich Freilich, Leitner & Carlisle

Plan • An orderly arrangement of parts of an overall design or objective • The use of man’s or woman’s intelligence with a little forethought

Impending Growth Problems • • • • • • • Decline in existing built-up areas Degradation of the environment Over utilization of energy sources Fiscal strains Deficiencies in public facilities Overburdened transportation facilities Loss of hillside and habitat areas

Sprawl is a Conservative Fiscal Issue Growth has helped fuel … unparalleled economic and population boom and has enabled millions … to realize the enduring dream of home ownership … but sprawl has created enormous costs… Ironically, unchecked sprawl has shifted from an engine of … growth to a force that now threatens to inhibit growth and degrade the quality of our life.

Beyond Sprawl, 1995 Bank of America

The Public Infrastructure Gap National infrastructure deficiencies now exceed $4 trillion $4,000,000,000,000

Capital Costs Shifted to Existing Development

Population A

10,000 $12,000

B C

20,000 30,000

Total

40,000 6,000 4,000 3,000 6,000 4,000 3,000 4,000 3,000 $25,000 $13,000 $7,000

D

3,000 $3,000

Relative Cost of Planned Development v. Sprawl Facility Sprawl Synthesis Duncan Planned Development Burchell Frank Roads 100% Schools 100% Utilities 100% Other 100% 40% 93% 60% 102% 76% 97% 92% N/A 73% 99% 66% 100% 75% 95% 85% N/A

Goals • • • • • Urban Growth Reduce Sprawl Economic Development Property Rights Agricultural Preservation • • • • Open Space & Recreation Environment Citizen Participation & Coordination Public Facilities and Services

Growth Management Rationale • Adequate Public Facilities • Off-Site Impacts • Comprehensive Plan Consistency • Integrated v. Incremental Approach • Defined Growth Areas • Resource Protection (ag. & env.)

Ancillary Techniques • • • • • Inter-governmental agreements Corridors/ Centers Joint Development Concurrency Environmentally Sensitive Lands

Importance of Alternatives • Identify reasonable choices • Analyze the impacts of those choices • Use process to forge consensus / long-term support

Alternatives • Alternative Scenario Maps • Policy Alternatives • Preferred Alternative Selection • Policy Refinement • Analysis of fiscal, transportation, environmental, and legal impacts

San Diego Before After

Transportation Planning & Joint Public/Private Development

Joint Planning - Bridging the City/County Gap • • • • • • • Comprehensive Plan as Constitution Mutual definition of growth tiers Targets State funding to priority growth areas Linkage between CIP, development and annexation Adequate public facilities required Promotes creative, efficient development Limitations on sprawl

Local Government Roles in Joint Development of Transit Centers • • • • • • • • assemble property provide flexible zoning / incentives secure low cost financing construct infrastructure coordinate gov’t agencies expedite development process designate transit corridor establish transit service / centers

Joint Development: Regulatory Incentives • Parking reductions • Impact fee reductions • Concurrency waivers (TCMA) • Density bonuses • TDR • Expedited processing

Joint Development: Techniques • Excess Condemnation • Long term leasing/value capture • Negotiated private sector investments • Connection fees • Concessions

Concurrency and Adequate Public Facilities Planning

Concurrency • Timing and Sequencing (police powers) • CIP (fiscal powers) • Carrying Capacity

Timing of Development & Public Facilities Growth Time

Funding Facilities

Analysis Adopt LOS Standards Deficiencies Facilities for Existing Dev.

General Rev.

Transfers Ad Valorem Tax Joint Funding License/Excise Tax Asset Mgmnt.

Utility Rates Trans.Corps

User Fees

No Deficiencies Facilities for New Dev.

Impact Fees, TDDs, Mandatory Dedications Improvement Requirements Mitigation Fees, CDDs

Dolan/Ehrlich Analysis of Concurrency New Growth Related Facilities Impact Fees Rough Proportionality

Dolan v. City of Tigard

Concurrency Deny Approval Good Faith Test Deficiencies in public services Florida Rationally Related Test Leveraged Negotiation (

Ehrlich v. Culver City

) Development Agreement CIP will solve deficiencies within reasonable period of time Developer gains vested rights, local gov’t gains facilities in greater capacity than rough proportionality

Golden v. Planning Board, Town of Ramapo

: applies to school facilities

Development Agreements • • • • • Concurrency management Serve new demand Solve existing deficiencies Growth management Litigation defense

Congestion Management: Regulatory Alternatives • • • • • • • Zoning Subdivision Approval CUP/SUP Impact Analysis DRI/Special Review Exactions/developme nt agreements Impact fees • • • • • • Adequate Public Facilities Ordinances (APFO’s)/ Concurrency Congestion Pricing Neotraditional/TOD TDM Access management TDR

Transportation • • Patterns • • • Corridors - linear land use patterns that form around regional transportation connectors Centers - the nuclei of the region, with a concentration of the land use activity and transportation improvements; the commercial, residential, entertainment and employment hubs for a region Nodes - concentrations of land use activities that form at the intersection of corridors or other transportation routes Adequate public facilities based on established levels of service

Corridors, Nodes and Centers Concept

Multiple Use

Conventional v. Traditional Neighborhood Development

Separation of uses Maximum densities Street standards designed for cars Curvilinear streets Private open space Large lots Wide setbacks Private orientation Minimum parking Government as Regulator Mixed uses Minimum densities Street standards designed for pedestrians Interconnected streets Public open space Small lots Build-to lines Orientation to public realm Maximum parking Public – Private Partnerships

Mixed Use

Rural Design – the “New Ruralism” Urban Design – the “ New Urbanism ”

Design & New Urbanism • Actions: • • Transportation investment in highways Land use standards promote auto-oriented development • Reactions: • • • Hastened decline of urban core Forced a love-hate reliance on autos Fostered call for transit supportive land use policies

Elements of New Urbanism • • • • • • • Use Density Proximity Bulk/Setback/Area Mixed uses Grid street system Urban design

Joint Development: Regulatory Incentives • Parking reductions • Impact fee reductions • Concurrency waivers (TCMA) • Density bonuses • TDR • Expedited processing

Joint Planning - Bridging the City/County Gap • • • • • • • Comprehensive Plan as Constitution Mutual definition of growth tiers Targets State funding to priority growth areas Linkage between CIP, development and annexation Adequate public facilities required Promotes creative, efficient development Limitations on sprawl

Concurrency and Adequate Public Facilities Planning

Timing of Development & Public Facilities Growth Time

Funding Facilities

Analysis Adopt LOS Standards Deficiencies Facilities for Existing Dev.

General Rev.

Transfers Ad Valorem Tax Joint Funding License/Excise Tax Asset Mgmnt.

Utility Rates Trans.Corps

User Fees

No Deficiencies Facilities for New Dev.

Impact Fees, TDDs, Mandatory Dedications Improvement Requirements Mitigation Fees, CDDs

Development Agreements • • • • • Concurrency management Serve new demand Solve existing deficiencies Growth management Litigation defense

Congestion Management: Regulatory Alternatives • • • • • • • Zoning Subdivision Approval CUP/SUP Impact Analysis DRI/Special Review Exactions/developme nt agreements Impact fees • • • • • • Adequate Public Facilities Ordinances (APFO’s)/ Concurrency Congestion Pricing Neotraditional/TOD TDM Access management TDR

Transportation • • Patterns • • • Corridors - linear land use patterns that form around regional transportation connectors Centers - the nuclei of the region, with a concentration of the land use activity and transportation improvements; the commercial, residential, entertainment and employment hubs for a region Nodes - concentrations of land use activities that form at the intersection of corridors or other transportation routes Adequate public facilities based on established levels of service

Corridors, Nodes and Centers Concept

Multiple Use

Conventional v. Traditional Neighborhood Development

Separation of uses Maximum densities Street standards designed for cars Curvilinear streets Private open space Large lots Wide setbacks Private orientation Minimum parking Government as Regulator Mixed uses Minimum densities Street standards designed for pedestrians Interconnected streets Public open space Small lots Build-to lines Orientation to public realm Maximum parking Public – Private Partnerships

Blueprint for Good Growth & Communities in Motion

Blueprint for Good Growth Process

Demographics • Population – to increase by 220,000 by 2030 or 8,200 people per year in Ada County • Housing – nearly 3,800 new housing units needed each year in Ada County

800,000

Population Projections Source: COMPASS Demographics Advisory Committee

700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 1980 1990 2000 2005 Canyon County Ada County 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Ada Co. Population Projections

City/County

Boise Eagle Kuna Star

Name

Rural County Garden City Meridian

2003

9,800 222,740 17,090 11,570 9,380 52,900 2,360

Population 2030

22,830 324,330 30,040 14,870 28,180 116,820 11,140

Change

13,030 101,590 12,950 3,300 18,800 63,920 8,780

Percent Increase

132.96% 45.61% 75.78% 28.52% 200.43% 120.83% 372.03%

Percent of Total Growth

5.86% 45.69% 5.82% 1.48% 8.45% 28.74% 3.95%

Total Population 325,840 548,210 222,370 168.25%

Source: COMPASS Demographics Advisory Committee

100.00%

Anticipated Growth Means • • • • Increased traffic Increased demands for utilities and services leading to: • Major deficiencies • Fiscal impacts Need for new schools and other public facilities Increasing land use conflicts

Manage traffic and private community goals achieves goals

Contact Information • • • Karen Doherty • [email protected]

• 208-336-0420 Blueprintforgoodgrowth.com

Communitiesinmotion.org