Transcript Diapositivo 1

Relating to the European Science and
Technology Project, we decided to work on the
subject “Relationships between illnesses and
diets”.
So, we are going to give some examples and
to testify with some interviews about people who
suffer from these diseases. To give a better idea,
this work shall have informations to clarify your
doubts about this subject!
In what consists the disease?
Obesity consists in a overweight caused by
the increase of the adipose tissues.
The main factors that lead to the disease
are:
- Consuming aliments that have a great
amount of fatness;
- Diminution of the energetical consume, a
lot of times associated to the lack of
physical activity;
- Genetically predisposition that some
people have.
Dangers:
Physical Damages
 heart diseases, such as strokes;
 high colhesterol, diabetes, and arterial
hipertension, which increases the risk of
getting, by an indirect way, heart
diseases;
 low mobility, that causes higher
risks of falling, and other type of
physical injuries.
Psicological Damages
 Depressions;
 Discrimination;
 Isolament;
 Afective needs;
 Anxiety;
 Insecurity.
Symptomes:
Physicals
 overweight;
 breading dificulties;
 high blood pressure;
 bad blood circulation;
 high tireness.
Psicologicals
 Stress;
 Hipercalorical feeding;
 Eating without hunger;
 Sedentarism;
 Meal’s indiscipline.
Did you know that …
The bigger or smaller degree of obesity
depends on the IMC ´(Índice de Massa
Corporal). So, there are different kinds of
obesity:
Degree: 0
IMC: 20 to 24,9
Classification: normal
Degree: 1
IMC: 25 to 29,9
Classification: Overwheight
Degree: 2
IMC: 30 to 39,9
Classisfication: Obesity
Degree: 3
IMC: > 40
Classification: Morbid Obesity
To calculate the IMC: IMC = weight
height 2
In what consists the disease?
 The high cholesterol levels in blood are
due to a bad feeding especially to an
excessive consume of food that possues this
molecule.
 The high cholesterol levels are also due to
an hepatical production that envolves a
complexe metabolic process.
 When there’s a high cholesterol’s level in your
blood, it accumulates itself on veins’ walls,
making them harder. Consequently, they get
narrower, making it more difficult for the blood to
get the heart. This deficit of oxygen provokes
many diseases at the cardiovascular level.
 In our organism, cholesterol is transported
by several groups of molecules:
• L.D.L. (low density lipoproteins);
• H.D.L. (high density lipoproteins);
• V.L.D.L. (very low density lipoproteins).
 Almost 40% of cholesterol’s transportation
is made by L.D.L’s. So we can check a
co-relationship between the concentration of
L.D.L.’s and the risk of heart diseases and
an inverse relationship with H.D.L.’s.
 Almost 40% of cholesterol’s transportation
is made by L.D.L’s. So we can check a
co-relationship between the concentration of
L.D.L.’s and the risk of heart diseases and
an inverse relationship with H.D.L.’s.
 The cholesterol’s excess in blood settles
in arteries wich transport the blood to
heart. This settle will cause an arteries
hardening.
 With the elevation of cholesterol
levels, plackets become more reactive,
making the blood more viscous and get
the arteries and veins blocked.
Dangers:
 Angina Pectoris: Strong and opressive pain, that
start’s showing up in brest. It’s generally caused by
na arteris obstruction that carry the blood to heart.
 Arteriosclerosis: It’s caracterized by the
formation of a plate, in the inner face from a
arterie, that results from the cholesterol
deposits.
 Stroke: Subital abscense of blood suply to a
certain area of the cardiac muscle. That
causes the death of that muscle.
 V.C.A : Lost of the cerebral function, made
by a block of a sanguineal vase that carries the
blood to brain.
Symptomes:
This disease doesn’t show many symptomes, but
we will give you some alert signals to identify the
disease:
 Lack of air;
 Feeling of weight in chest;
 Discomfort in other points in the
upper part of body.
Advices:
 Have a balanced diet, rich in fish and
vegetables.
 Avoid eating aliments with high levels
in fat.
 Practise physical exercise.
 Avoid sedentarism caused by daily life.
 Drink huge quantaties of water.
Did you Know that…
In each 33 seconds, a life is lost due to
cardiovascular diseases, including the
cardio diseases and V.C.A’s.
Think about it !!!
In what consists the disease?
 Hypertension may have several causes. Amongst them are renal or
arterial diseases .
 When Hypertension comes from factors such as the consume of
medicines, it’s called secundary arterial hypertension.
 However, obesity and alchoolism also may carry to hypertension.
 Almost 90% from the hypertenses suffer from a type of
hypertension, known as essencial hypertension, whose
cause isn’t known. Hypertension can also be hereditary.
 Heart, to take the blood to all parts pf mour body, must
beat with a certain “strenght”. To that “strenght” we name
blood pressure.
 Blood presure depends on the activities that we make. For example,
if we make physical exercise, blood pressure gets lower. If we don’t
makew exercise it gets higher.
 The blood pressure is bigger when the heart contracts itself. This
pressure is called Maximum pressure. When the heart distends, the
pressure in the interior of the arteries is smaller, and it’s called
minimum arterial pressure. If it doesn’t exist pressure in the inside
of the arteries, the blood couldn’t circulate.
 You are hypertense if:
• your interior pressure levels are up to140 and /or 90
mmHg.
• When the blood values are inferior to 140 and 90 mmHg,
it’s said that the patient is hypotense, if the values are too
low.
Symptomes:
Usualy this disease doesn’t show any kind of synptomes.
 It’s common that the patient mesures his blood pressure when his
head or feel dizzy, but these symptomes are common to a lot of
diseases . So, the patient doesn’t worry about it.
 In many cases, the patient find out he’s hypertense
when he suffrer a VC.A. or a heart attack.
 For all these reasons, we advice you to measure
your arterial pressure regularly !!!!!!!!!!!
Treatment:
 In the begining, hypertension should be treated with a
balanced diet, avoiding salt and calories.
 Do not consume alchoolic drinks and practice physical
exercise are also a good method to fight the disease.
 If these mesures don’t work, you should go to a
doctor and try a pharmacal treatment.
In what consists the disease ?
 Diabetes is a chronical disease caracterized by
the increase of sugar levels in blood. This increase
is called hyperglicemia.
 This disease results from a disorder in the use of
our main energy supply - glucose.
 There’s a substance in our body that is
necessary to take glucose to every part of our
body, so that it could be used as energy. This
substance is called insulin.
Symptomes :
 Pee frequently;
 Intense and usual thirst;
 Constant hunger;
 Turve vision;
 Tireness;
 Dry mouth;
Dangers:
 Risk of blindness;
 Renal problems;
 Amputation risk due to bad blood pressure;
 Sexual disfunction;
 Injuries in blood glands;
 Heart injuries;
Treatement :
There are two types of diabetics: type 1 and type 2.
 Type 1: needs from insulin injections to maintain
the sugar levels in blood stable. They must have a
balanced diet (avoid sugar), and practise physical
exercise.
 Type 2 : the diabetics from this type need to take
some care with their alimentation. They also need to
make some physical exercise. But the main tratment
from this type is the administration of pills in order to
maintain the insulin levels stable in the normal
values.
Did you know that …
 You’re diabetic if :
• You have an ocasional sugar level
from 200 mg /dl in blood or upper;
• It’s the fourth bigger cause of death in
developed countries.
• There are mmore than 500 000
portuguese diabetics and every year are
diagnosed about 25 000 new cases.
Work made by:
.André Coelho
Nuno Trindade
Hugo Lucas
Vanessa Oliveira
João Ramos
Escola Secundária da
Amadora, Portugal