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Research Paper: Here we go!!! Here’s what we’ll cover… • How to mange information • Where to go for information • How to synthesize Information • Avoiding plagiarizing information •What is “internal documentation?” • Why a “Work Cited Page” and how to set it up. • Typing the paper Why do we research? We don’t know everything about everything. We often need additional information to support our opinions or simply to understand a topic more deeply. You do research when you… Select a movie to see! I like a good love story, a mystery, the occult. I like I like fantastic special effects, a social/psychological plot, and an escape from my dull everyday life. I like… …when you… Who wants to increase minimum wage? Who is for smaller government and less taxes? …when you shop I want a shoe that impresses, that makes a fashion statement. I’m looking for comfort, period! How to mange information Take notes!!! The key to taking notes is knowing what’s important to remember and what isn’t. 1. Keep track of your sources, places where you get the information. 2. Read the title of the source and the sub-title or heading if given. 3. Check out the first paragraph to determine the main idea or purpose of the selection. 4. Take effective notes or copy the selection if possible. Highlight important facts and/or summarize in your own words. Keep track of your sources! Note Cards: Using index cards is one way to Keep track of sources. Recording info. on a title card helps to keep record of such things as titles of sources, authors, dates of publication, etc. Copies of source materials: Another way to keep track of sources is to copy data from sources using a copy machine. If the source is a book, copy the title page as well as the data you may use for direct quotes. Internet source material can be copied as well. Right click and copy material you intend to use. Copy ‘home page” for author, title, etc. Where to go for information Databases A database is an organized collection of computer records. In libraries, one of the most common types of databases consists of records describing articles in periodicals (magazines) otherwise known as a periodical index. Why use a Database? 1. To obtain information not published anywhere else. 2. To obtain information that is more current. 3. To find information to support data found in other sources. You are required to use databases! Your librarian will direct you to the best databases and how to access them both from school and from home. Online databases require login authentication if accessing from outside the CISD network. Other Sources The Internet The internet is always a good and easy place to search for information. However, you must determine which internet sources are appropriate, “collegial” sources. How to judge a good internet source: 1. Consider the sponsor of the website. Try to avoid highly commercialized sources. They usually have an “agenda.” 2. Try to stick to sites with articles by specific writers. 3. Avoid sites contributed to by readers. Here are some absolute “no-no” sites: Wikipedia: It contains info. by unidentified sources and is filled with no editorial correction. DO NOT USE! Blogs: Blogs are not appropriate because they do not offer opinions or info. that is always fact-based. Student-directed Sites: These are sites that offer everything from suggested paper outlines to on-line essays and papers. Using these contain plagiarized information. DO NOT USE! Langston Hughes From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia James Mercer Langston Hughes, (February 1, 1902 – May 22, 1967) was an American poet, novelist, playwright, short story writer, and columnist. He was one of the earliest innovators of the new literary art form jazz poetry. Hughes is best-known for his work during the Harlem Renaissance. He is also best known for what he wrote about the Harlem Renaissance, "Harlem was in vogue." Read the excerpt above from Wikipedia. All of this information can be obtained from more reliable sources. Using a source like this weakens your augment because it comes from a site that also contains inaccurate information. Other Sources Books: The librarian has pulled books that have information that relates to your topic. You can’t check out these books, so use time wisely in the library. TIP! When dealing with a book with hundreds of pages, use the book’s index. It will help to direct you to the pages most useful. You can also ask the librarian to help you locate the info. In the book that will help you the most. Take notes or copy pages that you think you may use for direct quotes. Also, either record necessary info. From the title page or copy the title page. How to synthesize Information Synthesize—to take information from multiple sources to arrive at one single conclusion. You’re in the market for sports car that is affordable. Synthesize the information below. What is each saying about the pricing of Corvettes? Do they agree or disagree? The Chevrolet Corvette makes a great choice for anyone in the market for a sports car. It combines the quick and sporty nature of high-priced exotics with the practicality and affordability of a daily driver. Car and Driver Magazine Chevrolet now offers a quartet of Corvette variants spanning the price range from under $49,000 to over $100-grand, giving buyers a multitude of ways to answer the age-old question: "Speed equals money. How fast do you want to go?" As the price increases, so does performance. Autoblog While Car and Driver mentions affordability of the daily driver, the so-call average driver, Autoblog specifically mentions the range of prices of various speed packages available. An appropriate synthetization of these two articles might be that… If a so-call average driver may be able to afford one of these beauties, he or she may have to settle for an economical package deal with less sporty features and a lower performance engine. Plagiarism WARNING: plagiarism is "the unauthorized use or close imitation of the language and [or] thoughts of another author or the representation of them as one's own original work. (Dictionary.com) TIPS! When in Doubt, Give Credit A good rule of thumb is to always give credit for any ideas that aren't yours by citing your sources. Always give credit for direct or indirect quotes. The words of others do not belong to you. They must always be cited. No exception! Always give credit for paraphrased information. So you change the original words, but express the same idea. You must still give credit. Always give credit for specific facts. Someone worked hard to arrive at specific facts, data, statistics, details. Give them credit for their work. Read the following except from an article about the rising protests against the Vietnam War. Once the draft was introduced young people on college and university campuses all around the country began to organize protests against the war. Teach-ins and student organizations like the SDS (Students for a Democratic Society) held rallies and marches, the first of which happened in Washington in April of 1965. Over the next 2 years the anti-war movement snow balled. Activists, celebrities and musicians like Abbie Hoffmann, Timothy Leary, Allen Ginsberg, Jane Fonda, Jefferson Airplane, and countless others took up the Anti-war cause and waved Anti-war banners. Their speeches and their music reflected the anger and hopelessness that Americans felt over the Vietnam war. Even the GI’s stationed overseas began supporting the Anti-war movement in whatever capacity they could, from wearing peace symbols to refusing to obey orders. Read the following paragraph. The highlighted sections are either direct quotes, paraphrased text, or facts and details found in the previous source. They all should be cited! One major reason the war in Vietnam ended as it did, was the rising objection of the American public. Once the draft was instituted, and young people were suddenly forced to enter the war against their will, they “began to organize protests against the war .” Before the draft, young people more than likely had no individual opinion about a war so far away. However, when suddenly being forced to put educations and careers on hold in order to follow a public policy, they began to formulate strong opinions. Such groups such as the SDS began to organize to protest . Organizations began to gain power and a podium for their opinions. Such groups could command a larger attention for their stance. The protest even moved to the battlefield when “GI’s stationed overseas began supporting the Anti-war movement … ” So, how do I cite a source I use? Internal Documentation: This is done inside the text itself in parentheses (Sometimes called “parenthetical citation.”) First time use of source and placement: The first time a source is used, you should identify by the last name, or first word in the citation on your Works Cited Page. If you know the page number, include it as well. Notice where the period and quotation marks go. …they “began to organize protests against the war (Turner, 77) .” Internal Documentation, continued If the same source is used consecutively, you need only to put the page number. Such groups such as the SDS began to organize to protest (79) . The protest even moved to the battlefield when “GI’s stationed overseas began supporting the Anti-war movement (88).” If you’re using a source with no page numbers, you must put the last name of the author or the first word in the website title, which ever is used first on your Works Cited Page. One major reason the war in Vietnam ended as it did, was the rising objection of the American public. Once the draft was instituted, and young people were suddenly forced to enter the war against their will, they “began to organize protests against the war (Turner, 77) .” Before the draft, young people more than likely had no individual opinion about a war so far away. However, when suddenly being forced to put educations and careers on hold in order to follow a public policy, they began to formulate strong opinions. Such groups such as the SDS began to organize to protest (79). Organizations began to gain power and a podium for their opinions. Such groups could command a larger attention for their stance. The protest even moved to the battlefield when “GI’s stationed overseas began supporting the Antiwar movement … (88) ” The blue are examples of internal documentation. Since all three come from the same source, the writer could use page numbers for the ones following the initial citation. Remember, if your source has no page numbers, you must repeat the name every time you use the source. The Work Cited Page This is an organized page that lists all works that have been cited in your research. It is only for sources you have actually used and internally cited. It must be: 1.Titled: Works Cited Page 2.Double Spaced 3.Alphabetized by the first word in the citation (or last name of the author if provided). 4.Follow the latest MLA guidelines. 5.It must be indented properly (backwards). Database Magazine title Gore, Rick. "Pharaohs of the Sun." National Geographic Apr. 2001. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Aug. 2001. Title of article Author: Last Name First Date of Publication Title of Database Date website was accessed Notice that periods separate these sections, and the citation ends in a period. Book Fleming, Thomas. Liberty!: The American Revolution. New York: Viking, 1997. Print. Fleming, Thomas: author, last name first Liberty!: The American Revolution: title (& sub-title) New York: Viking: Publishing company 1997: Date of publication (Always use the most recent date) Print. Type of Media Internet Title of Article Sponsor of Website No Author “Harlem's Renaissance Reviewed.” Harlem City Guide, NYC. 10 Jan. 2009, 18 March, 2010. Date of Website posting Date Website was accessed Author Johnson, Martha.“Harlem's Renaissance Reviewed.” Harlem City Guide, NYC. 10 Jan. 2009, 18 March, 2010. We will deal with the typing and publication of the research project at a later date. 2 More Tips 1. Use library time wisely and ask for assistance if needed. 2. Save everything you do, including notes, copies, cards, etc.