Transcript Slide 1

The Role of Prophecy in Christian
Apologetics
John Oakes, PhD
Apologetics Research Society
9/6/08
Outline
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Introduction to Prophecy as Apologetics
Prophecies of the Near Future
Old Testament Prophecies Fulfilled in the Old Testament
Old Testament Prophecies Fulfilled Between the
Testaments
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Daniel!!!
Messianic Prophecies
Prophecies of the Kingdom
Types, Prefigures and Foreshadows
Required Reading
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Reasons For Belief chapters 4,5
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Daniel, Prophet to the Nations chapters 1,7-13
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From Shadow to Reality
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Extra Credit (on approval)
Grading (if you are getting credit)
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The Reading 30%
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Quiz 10%
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Exam 30%
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Paper 30% A research paper of 5 or more pages on a
special topic of your choice.
I. Introduction to Prophecy as Apologetics
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Defending the Faith
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Creating Faith
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History and Archaeology
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World View
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How We Got the Bible
(including response to form
criticism, etc.)
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Prophecy
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Miracles/Resurrection
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Claims of Jesus
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Science
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Contradictions in the Bible
Prophecy as Apologetics
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Outline of Gospel Sermons in Acts:
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Jesus fulfilled the OT prophecies of the coming Messiah: He is the
Messiah.
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Jesus worked undeniable public miracles: He is the Son of God.
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Jesus willingly died on the cross for OUR sins: He is savior.
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Jesus was raised from the dead: Judgment is coming.
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Repent and be baptized.
The Biblical Prophet
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One who announces the righteousness, the justice and the
love of God. He or she calls people into a relationship with
God through a call to repentance. Their message was
doom for the unrepentant and grace and blessing for those
who act justly and repent of their sin.
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A forth-teller; thus says the Lord
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Aaron was Moses’ prophet.
For us: a fore-teller; a predictor of future events.
Historical prophecy. Predictive prophecy.
The Purpose of (Predictive) Prophecy
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Warning
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Encouragement
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Deut 30:1-5 Daniel 7:26-27 Isaiah 2:2-4
To demonstrate that God is in control: God Rules the
Nations
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Jer 25:8-14, Deut 28:45-48 Deut 28:58f
Daniel, Revelation
Evidence of new revelation from God—that what is said is
inspired by God.
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Luke 24:44 Daniel 2:46-47
Other Prophets?
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Oracles of Delphi
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Croesus
Alexander
Nostradamus
Henry II
The great man will be struck down in the day by a thunderbolt,
The evil deed predicted by the bearer of a petition:
According to the prediction, another falls at night,
Conflict in Reims, London and pestilence in Tuscany (Century I Quatrain 27)
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Jean Dixon
JFK
The pattern: Not terrifically surprising or very vague
Islam?
Does a Prophecy Have a Unique Application?
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Isaiah 7:13-17 About Ahaz or Jesus?
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Genesis 49:9-11 About Judah or Jesus?
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Ezekiel 11:16-20 About return from exile or the church?
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Hosea 11:1 (Matthew 2:15) About Israel or about Jesus?
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Matthew 24:4-44 About AD 70 or the return of Jesus?
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Assignment: Analyze Zechariah 14 How does it apply?
How to Interpret Prophecy?
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Let History do that for us. After the fact
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The ten toes in Daniel 2 are not the 10 countries of the EU
Let the Bible do it for us.
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Matthew 24:15 “spoken through the prophet Daniel”
Matthew 4:14-16 “Land of Zebulun and land of Naphtali”
Matthew 2:6,15,17, 3:3 Bethlehem, Egypt, the desert
Matthew 12:39-41 The sign of Jonah
Galatians 4:24 “These things can be taken figuratively”
Sir Isaac Newton
The folly of interpreters has been, to foretell times and
things, by this Prophecy, as if God designed to make them
Prophets. By this rashness they have not only exposed
themselves, but brought the Prophecy also into contempt.
The design of God was much otherwise. He gave this and
the Prophecies of the Old Testaments, not to gratify men's
curiosities by enabling them to foreknow things, but that
after they were fulfilled they might be interpreted by the
event; and his own Providence, not the interpreters, be
then manifested thereby to the world. For the event of
things predicted many ages before, will then be a
convincing argument that the world is governed by
providence.[7]
Old Testament Apologetics: Short Term Prophecy
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Deuteronomy 18:21-22
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“You may say to yourselves, ‘How can we know when a message
has not been spoken by the Lord?’ If what a prophet proclaims in
the name of the Lord does not take place or come true, that is a
message the Lord has not spoken. That prophet spoke
presumptuously. Do not be afraid of him.
But…. Deuteronomy 13:1-3
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…if the sign or wonder of which he spoke takes place, and he says
“Let us follow other gods…” you must not listen to the words of
that prophet or dreamer.
Short Term Prophecy: Proof of a Prophet
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Presumably, most short term prophecies are NOT
recorded.
1 Kings 20:28………..1 Kings 20:29-30
1 Kings 20:36………..1 Kings 20:36
1 Kings 21:19………..1 Kings 22:37
1 Kings 21:23………..2 Kings 9:32-37
1 Kings 22:1-28……...1 Kings 22:31-36
2 Kings 7:1-2………...2 Kings 7:17-20
2 Kings 19:5-7……….2 Kings 19:37
Is 37:33-35, 2 Kings 19:32-34…..Is 37:36-37, 2 Kings 19:35-36
Short Term Prophecy (cont.)
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Jeremiah 27:1-11……….2 Kings 25:1-7
Jeremiah 28:1-16……….Jeremiah 28:17
Jeremiah 32:6-8, 42-44 Once more fields will be bought
Daniel 4:24-27 You will be driven away from people...
Daniel 4:28-37 All this happened to King Nebuchadnezzar.
Acts 11:27-28 Agabus
Jesus and Short Term Prophecies
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John 2:19 “Destroy this temple and I will raise it in three
days.”
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Matthew 26:34 Before the rooster crows…. Matthew26:74
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Acts 1:4-5 “In a few days you will be baptized with the
Holy Spirit.
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Luke 21:20-24 “When you see Jerusalem surrounded by
armies, you will know that its desolation is near.”
The Flight to Pella
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"The whole body, however, of the church at Jerusalem, having been
commanded by a divine revelation, given to men of approved piety
there before the war, removed from the city, and dwelt at a certain
town beyond the Jordan, called Pella. Here those that believed in
Christ, having removed from Jerusalem, as if holy men had entirely
abandoned the royal city itself, and the whole land of Judea; the
divine justice, for their crimes against Christ and his apostles finally
overtook them, totally destroying the whole generation of these
evildoers form the earth. (Eusebius, 3:5.)
"Now this sect of Nazarenes exists in Beroea in Coele-Syria, and in
Decapolis in the district of Pella, and in Kochaba of Basanitis-called Kohoraba in Hebrew. For thence it originated after the
migration from Jerusalem of all the disciples who resided at Pella,
Christ having instructed them to leave Jerusalem and retire from it
on account of the impending siege. It was owing to this counsel
that they went away, as I have said, to reside for a while at Pella"
(Haer 29:7).
Old Testament Prophecies Being Fulfilled Today
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Hmmm….. Can’t think of any
OT Prophecies Fulfilled in the OT
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Genesis 12:2-3,7
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Genesis 15:4-5
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“I will make you into a great nation.” “To your offspring I will
give this land.”
“… count the stars… so shall your offspring be”
Genesis 17:5-8
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“Father of many nations” Arabs [Ishmael], Edom [Esau], Israel
“I will establish an everlasting covenant between me and you”
“The whole land of Canaan… as an everlasting possession.
Genesis 49 (the whole thing!)
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Genesis 49:8-11
Judah, your brothers will praise you;
Your hand will be on the neck of your enemies;
Your father’s sons will bow down to you
The scepter will not depart from Judah,
Nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet,
Until he comes to whom it belongs
And the obedience of the nations is his.
He will tether his donkey to a vine,
His colt to the choicest branch
He will wash his garments in wine,
His robes in the blood of grapes.
Deuteronomy 28, 30
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28:36-37 “The Lord will drive you and the king you set over you to a
nation unknown to you or your fathers. There you will worship other
gods, gods of wood and stone. You will become a thing of horror and
an object of scorn and ridicule to all the nations where the Lord will
drive you.”
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28:49-57
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Lamentations 4:10 With their own hands compassionate women have
cooked their own children, who became their food when my people were
destroyed.
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28:64,68 The Lord will scatter you among all nations. The Lord will
send you back in ships to Egypt
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30:3-5 The Lord will… gather you again from all the nations where he
scattered you.
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Joshua 6:26 He who rebuilds Jericho will do so at the cost of his
firstborn and his youngest son. ……. 1 Kings16:34
Isaiah 39:3-7 and 2 Kings 20:16-18
Fulfilled in Daniel 1:3-7 Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach and
Abednego
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Jeremiah 25:8-14
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Jeremiah 29:8-14
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“I will summon Nebuchadnezzar…I will banish from them the
sounds of joy… This whole country…. will serve the king of
Babylon seventy years. But when the seventy years are fulfilled, I
will punish the king of Babylon.
Daniel 5
When 70 years are completed for Babylon… I will gather you from
all the nations and places where I have banished you.
70 years Daniel 9:1-2
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605 BC to 536 BC
586 BC to 516 BC
Captives taken….Captives return
Temple destroyed….. Temple rebuilt
Isaiah 44:28-45:7, 13 About 730 BC
Who says of Cyrus, ‘He is my shepherd…
He will say to Jerusalem, “Let it be rebuilt.”
And of the temple, “Let its foundations be laid.”
This is what the Lord says to his annointed
to Cyrus, whose right hand I take hold of
to subdue nations before him…
to open doors before him so that gates will not shut…
…I call you by name and bestow on you a title of honor
though you do not acknowledge me….
I will raise up Cyrus in my righteousness
I will make all his ways straight
He will rebuild my city and set my exiles free.
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Fulfilled in 2 Chron 36:23 538 BC
War of 1812
The Cyrus Cyllinder: Fulfilling Isaiah 44:28
…I returned to [these] sacred cities on the other side of the Tigris, the
sanctuaries of which have been in ruins for a long time, the images which
[used] to live therein and established for them permanent sanctuaries. I [also]
gathered all their [former] inhabitants and returned [to them] their habitations.
Furthermore, I resettled upon the command of Marduk the great lord, all the
gods of Sumer and Akkad whom Nabonidus has brought into Babylon to the
anger of the lord of the gods, unharmed, in their [former] chapels, the places
which made them happy. May all the gods whom I have resettled in their
sacred cities ask daily Bel and Nebo for long life for me and may they
recommend me…to Marduk, my lord, may they say thus: Cyrus, the king who
worships you and Cambyses, his son…all of them I settled in a peaceful place.
Old Testament Prophecies Fulfilled Between the
Testaments
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Ezekiel 26:3-14 Tyre.
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v. 3 I will bring many nations against you
v. 4 I will scrape away her rubble and make her a bare rock.
v. 5 She will become a place to spread fishnets.
v. 6 Her settlements on the mainland will be ravaged by the sword.
v. 7 (specifically) Nebuchadnezzar will do this.
v. 12 They will… throw your stones, timber and rubble into the sea.
v. 14 It will never be rebuilt
Fulfillment of Ezekiel 26
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Nebuchadnezzar takes mainland Tyre only after a siege of 13
years 586-573 BC
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Alexander attacks Tyre in 332 BC, building a causeway to the
island of Tyre using the rubble from Old Tyre.
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Tyre attached again and again by Seleucids, Romans, Arabs,
Crusaders, finally ceasing to exist as a city on the original site.
Site of Ancient Tyre Today
Tyre
Secular historian Philip Myers in his history
textbook:
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“Alexander the Great reduced it [Tyre] to ruins.
She recovered in a measure from this blow, but
never regained the place she had previously held in
the world. The larger part of the site of the once
great city is no bare as the top of a rock—a place
where the fishermen that still frequent the spot
spread their nets to dry.”
Daniel, Prophet to the
Nations
Theme of Daniel:
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God Rules the Nations: Do Not Fear!
Message of Daniel:
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Stay Righteous in an Unrighteous World
God is in Control!
Very Brief Outline of Daniel
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Practical examples in the lives of Daniel, Shadrach,
Meshach and Abednego: how to remain righteous in an
unrighteous world. Ch 1, 3-6
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Prophecies of the future: God Rules the Nations Ch 2, 712
Historical Background
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722 BC Northern Kingdom Destroyed by Assyria
605 BC Nubuchadnezzar (Bablyon) enters Judah, taking tribute and hostages
(DSM&A)
586 BC Zedekiah rebels, Nebuchadnezar destroys Jerusalem and the temple
538 BC Cyrus takes Babylon, Persians/Medes take control of Babylon and
Judea.
536 BC Captives return to Judea and Jerusalem.
334-332 BC Alexander destroys and conquers Persian Empire
185-163 BC Antiochus Epiphanes, Seleucid Emperor, rules over Jerusalem.
Great persecutions.
167 BC Temple desecrated
164 BC Temple rededicated by Macabeean leaders.
Historical Background (cont.)
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Battle of Actium 31 BC Ptolemaic Greek power destroyed
6 BC Birth of Jesus
AD 30 Crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus
AD 70 Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus
AD 81-96 Domitian, emperor of Rome
AD 395 Final division of Rome into East and West
AD 476 Last emperor of Western Rome
AD 1453 Byzantium (Eastern Rome) taken by Ottomans
AD 2014 Jesus comes back to rule in Jerusalem
Babylonian Empire c. 1750 BC and c. 600 BC
Achaemenid Persian/Median Empire at its Height c. 450 BC
Alexander the Great Empire Nations c. 330 BC
Daniel Chapter Three
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Righteousness in a religious context: Standing up for God and
for the truth
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The fires of persecution.
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“I will bow my head, but not my heart.”
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What would you have done?
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App’n: Persecution of Diocletian
Daniel Chapter Two:
Nebuchadnezzar’s Vision of a Great Statue
Part of the Statue
Nation
Head of Gold
Babylon
Chest of Silver
Persia/Media (539 BC)
Belly of Bronze
Greece (331 BC)
Legs of Iron
Rome (31 BC)
Babylon
Persia/Media
Greece
Rome: A divided kingdom
Daniel 7: Ten Horns and a Little Horn
The First Eleven Emperors of Rome
Emperor
Dates of Rule
Significance to Biblical Events
Augustus
27 BC-14 AD
Birth of Christ
Tiberius
14 AD-37 AD
Crucifixion of Christ
Gaius
(Caligula)
37 AD-41 AD
Claudius
41 AD-54 AD
Jews Exiled from Rome
Nero
54 AD-68 AD
First persecutions, Execution of Paul and Peter
Galba
68 AD-69 AD
One of the three overcome by Vespasian
Otho
69 AD-70 AD
One of the three…
Vitellius
69 AD-70 AD
One of the three…
Vespasian
69 AD-79 AD
Attack on Jerusalem
Titus
79 AD-81 AD
The general who destroyed Jerusalem
Domitian
81 AD-96 AD
First Systematic Persecutor of the Church
Domitian (c. 81-96 AD)
Daniel Chapter Eight: A Ram and a Goat
Ancient Susa and
the Ulai Canal
Alexander the Great
The Four Horns of Daniel Eight
Horn (King)
Territory Ruled
Antigonus
The East. From Syria to India.
Cassander
The West. Macedonia and Greece.
Lysimachus
The North. Thrace and Asia Minor.
Ptolemy
The South. Egypt and Palestine.
Daniel 8: The Abomination of Desolation
Daniel Chaper Nine: The Messiah Comes to
Jerusalem
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Seventy sevens = 490 years
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The decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem
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Ezra 7:13-16 458 BC
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458 - 490 = AD 32
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No……
(no zero BC) = AD 33
Romans Taking Spoils of Jerusalem from the Arch of Titus,
Rome, c. 81 AD
Roman General and Emperor Titus who destroyed
Jerusalem in AD 70
The Kings of the South and the Kings of the North in Daniel Eleven
Kings of the South
Kings of the North
Daniel 11 Verse
Ptolemy I 323-283 BC
Seleucus I Nicator 321-282
Daniel 11:5
Ptolemy II Philadelphus 283247 BC
BC
Antiochus I Soter 280-261
BC
Daniel 11:6
Daniel 11:6
Ptolemy III Eugertes 247-221
BC
Antiochus II Theos 261246 BC
Seleucus II Callinicus 246226 BC
Seleucus III Soter 226-223
Daniel 11:8
Daniel 11:7,8
BC
Daniel 11:9-19
BC
Antiochus III “The Great”
223-187 BC
Ptolemy V Epiphanes 203-181
BC
Seleucus IV Philopator
187-175 BC
Daniel 11:20
Ptolemy VI Philometor 180-146
BC
Antiochus IV Epiphanes
175-164 BC
Daniel 11:21-35
Ptolemy IV Philopator 221-203
Antiochus V Eupator 164162 BC
Daniel 11:36-45
The Final End of the Greek Kingdoms
Marc Antony
(Museum of Fine
Art, Budapest)
Bust of
Octavian/Augu
stus as high
priest. Museo
Nacional de
Arte Romano,
http://www.livius.org/
Cleopatra (Altes
Museum, Berlin)
The Theme of Daniel Eleven
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Those who are wise will instruct many, though for a time they
will fall by the sword or be burned or captured or plundered.
When they fall, they will receive a little help, and many who are
not sincere will join them. Some of the wise will stumble, so
that they may be refined, purified and made spotless until the
time of the end, for it will come at the appointed time. 11:33-35
Daniel Chapter Twelve: The Time of the End
Those who are wise will shine like the brightness of the heavens,
and those who lead many to righteousness, like the stars for ever
and ever.
Daniel 12:3-4
Questions?
www.evidenceforchristianity.org
Jesus of Nazareth:
Man, Myth or Messiah?
Dr. John Oakes,
June 29, 2008
Messianic Prophecies
A. What is a Reasonable Conclusion?
B. What is a Reasonable Response?
Messianic Prophecies
You diligently study the Scriptures becauseyou
think that by them you possess eternal life.
These are the Scriptures that testify about me,
yet you refuse to come to me to have life. John
5:39,40
He said to them, “This is what I told you while I
was still with you: Everything must be fulfilled
that is written about me in the Law of Moses, the
Prophets and the Psalms. Luke 24:44
Question #1: How do I know these prophecies really were
written down hundreds of years before the events?
Septuagint translation of the Old Testament into Greek
220-150 BC
Dead Sea Scrolls.250-50 BC
Conclusion: All the prophecies we will consider certainly
were written before 250 BC, almost certainly before 300
BC and most likely all before 400 BC.
Qumran
Cave #4
Column I
The Great
Qumran Isaiah
Scroll
150 BC
Josephus: “When Pilate, at the suggestion of the principal men
among us, had condemned him to the cross, those that loved him at
the first did not forsake him… And the tribe of Christians so named
from him are not extinct to this day.”
Cornelius Tacitus: “Hence, to suppress the rumor, [Nero] falsely
charged with the guilt and punished with the most exquisite tortures,
the persons commonly called Christians, who were hated for their
enormities. Christus, the founder of the name, was put to death by
Pontius Pilate, procurator of Judea in the reign of Tiberius…
Jewish Talmud “On the eve of the Passover they hanged Yeshu and
the herald went before him for forty days saying Yeshu… has
practiced sorcery and beguiled and led astray Israel.
Question #3 Are these, in fact, prophecies of
the Messiah? (or are we taking them out of
context)
Hint: If the Jews themselves acknowledged
them to be messianic, that is very strong
evidence.
I have tried to select prophecies which even a
Jewish person is likely to admit is about the
Messiah.
Question #4 Could Jesus, planning on
deceiving the people into believing he was
the Messiah, have read the Old Testament
and tried to fulfill all the prophecies?
Garden of Gethsemane Mount of Olives
12/18/2001
Israel 1999 Expedition
Fortress Antonia – Where Jesus was condemned
12/18/2001
Israel 1999 Expedition
Courtyard of Flagellation: Where Jesus was
scourged
12/18/2001
Israel 1999 Expedition
Old City Streets
12/18/2001
Israel 1999 Expedition
Note:
The following prophecies are the ones I would
personally use in an evangelistic study of to
increase the faith of a relatively young
Christian.
Isaiah 53:1-13:
He was despised and rejected by men, a man of
sorrows, familiar with suffering. (v. 3)
But he was pierced for our transgressions, he was
crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought
us peace was upon him, and by his wounds we are
healed. (v. 5) (John 19:31-37)
He was oppressed and afflicted, yet he did not open
his mouth; he was led like a lamb to the slaughter and
as a sheep before her shearers is silent, so he did not
open his mouth. (v. 7)
Micah 5:2
But you, Bethlehem Ephrathrah, though you are small
among the clans of Judah, out of you will come for me one
who will be ruler over Israel, whose origins are from old,
from ancient times.
Isaiah 9:1,6
In the past he humbled the land of Zebulun and the land of
Naphtali, but in the future he will honor Galilee of the
Gentiles, by the way of the sea, along the Jordan…. For to
us a child is born… And he will be called Wonderful
Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of
Peace.
Psalm 22:16-18
Dogs have surrounded me;
a band of evil men have encircled me,
they have pierced my hands and my feet.
I can count all my bones;
(John 19:3-37)
people stare and gloat over me.
They divide my garments among them
and cast lots for my clothing. (John 19:23,24)
Zechariah 11:12,13
I told them, “If you think it best, give me my pay; but if
not, keep it.” so they paid me thirty pieces of silver.
(Matthew 26:14-16)
And the Lord said to me,
“Throw it to the potter”—
the handsome price at
which they priced me! So
I took the thirty pieces of
silver and threw them into
the house of the Lord, to
the potter. (Matthew
27:3-8)
Daniel 9:24-26
Seventy ‘sevens’ are decreed for your people and your
holy city to finish transgression, to put an end to sin, to atone
for wickedness, to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal
up vision and prophecy and to anoint the most holy.
Know and understand this: From the issuing of the
decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem, until the Anointed
One, the ruler comes, there will be seven ‘sevens’ and sixty
two ‘sevens’
Decree of Artaxerxes (Ezra 7:12-26) 458 BC
458 BC - 490 years = -32
(no zero BC)
Be born in Bethlehem
Be raised in Galilee near Nazareth
Be despised and rejected by men
Be meek and silent before his accusers
Be “pierced”
Be crucified
Have his garments divided and gambled over
Be betrayed for 30 pieces of silver
Come to Jerusalem to make atonement for sin in about AD 33
And many more….
Was all this an accident, or did God plan all along for the Passion of the
Christ for forgiveness of sins? What do you think?
Man, Myth or Messiah?
Old Testament
Prophecy
Content
New Testament Fulfillment
Genesis 3:15
Satan will attack the Messiah, but the Messiah will destroy the work of Satan.
Matthew 4:1-11, Luke 4:1-13
Genesis 49:10,11
The Messiah will be from Judah (also hints about a vine, a colt, a branch and blood/grapes)
Matthew 1:2,3
Deut 18:15-18
God will raise up a prophet like, but greater than Moses.
Matthew 21:11, Mark 6:15
Psalm 16:10,11
The Messiah will not be abandoned to the grave (will be resurrected).
John 2:19, Luke 24:1-7
Psalm 22:15-18
The Messiah will be crucified, his bones not broken, his clothing divided and gambled over.
John 19:6,7, John 19:31-34, John
19:23,24
Psalm 31:5
The Messiah will commit his spirit into the hands of God.
Luke 23:46
Psalm 69:9,21
The Messiah will show zeal for God’s house. He will be given gall and vinegar to drink.
John 2:12-17, Matthew 27:34, Luke
23:36
Psalm 110:1,4
The Messiah will be a priest in the order of Melchizedek.
Hebrews 7:11-18
Psalm 118:22,23
The Messiah will be rejected, but will become the foundation of the Kingdom of God.
Matthew 23:37, Acts 4:10
Isaiah 7:14
The Messiah will be born of a virgin.
Luke 1:26-38
Isaiah 9:1,2,6,7
The Messiah will be from Galilee; in the region of Zebulun and Naphtali.
Matthew 4:12-16
Isaiah 11:1,2
The Messiah will be descended from Jesse and will be a Branch (Nazarene).
Matthew 1:5,6, John 1:45,46, Matthew
2:23
Isaiah 35:5,6
The Messiah will heal the deaf, the blind and the physically disabled.
Mark 7:32-25, 8:22-26, 2:3-12
Isaiah 42:1-4
The Messiah will be miraculously humble.
John 8:1-11
Isaiah 53
The Messiah will be despised, he will suffer physically, he will be pierced, he will take on
himself the sin of mankind, he will be silent before his accusers, and will be buried with the
rich.
Matthew 27:15-18, John 19:33-35, Mark
14:60,61, 15:3-5, Mark 15:42-46
Daniel 9:24-27
The Messiah will come to Jerusalem to bring salvation somewhere between AD 26-33.
Luke 3:1,2
Micah 5:2
The Messiah will be born in Bethlehem Ephrathah.
Luke 2:1-7
Zechariah 6:9-15
The Messiah will be a king and a priest, and will bring harmony between the two.
John 18:37, Hebrews 7:11-17
Zechariah 9:9-11
The Messiah will ride as a king into Jerusalem riding on a donkey and the colt of that
donkey.
Matthew 21:1-7
Zechariah 11:10-
The Messiah will be betrayed for 30 pieces of silver. The money will be thrown to “the
Matthew 26:14-16, Matthew 27:6,7
Other Major Messianic Prophecies
Genesis 3:15 He will crush your head.
Genesis 49:10-11 He will wash his garments in wine, his
robes in the blood of grapes.
Deuteronomy 18:15-19 …a prophet like you from
among your brothers.
Psalm 16:10,11 Your Holy One will not see decay.
Psalm 69:8-9,21 Zeal for your house consumes me.
Psalm 110:1,4 …to my Lord… You are a priest forever
of the order of Milchizedek.
Psalm 118:22-23 The stone the builders rejected…
Other Major Messianic Prophecies
Isaiah 7:14 The maiden will be with child.
Isaiah 11:1-2, Zechariah 6:9-15 The Branch, the stump,
the root of Jesse.
Isaiah 42:1-3 My chosen one…. A bruised reed he will
not break.
Zechariah 9:9-11 …your King… riding on a donkey
Zechariah 12:10-11 the one they have pierced
Prophecies of the Kingdom of God
As a general rule, kingdom prophecies tend to be more
double and even triple prophecies because of the nature
of the Kingdom of God.
These are more apologetics for the believer than for the
non-believer.
One thing for sure, Jesus talked about the Kingdom of
God a lot.
Prophecies of the Kingdom of God
Prophesied Quality of the Kingdom
of God
Old Testament Prophecies (and New Testament fulfillment)
Establishment of the Kingdom.
Jeremiah 31:31-34 (Hebrews 9:15)
Ezekiel 36:24-27 (John 16:13-15, Acts 2:38)
Who will be the King?
Ezekiel 34:23,24 (John 10:14, Ephesians 1:22,23)
Hosea 3:5
Joel 2:28-32 (Acts 2:16-21)
Zechariah 13:1,2
Extent of the Kingdom of God.
Isaiah 49:6, 42:6
Isaiah 2:2-4
Isaiah 54:1 (Galatians 4:26-28)
Ezekiel 17:22-24
Zechariah 2:10,11
Relationship between King and
subjects.
Exodus 19:5,6 (1 Peter 2:9, 1 Timothy 2:5
Ezekiel 37:24-28 (2 Corinthians 6:6)
Ezekiel 11:19,20
Hosea 1:10,11, 2:23 (Romans 9:25,26)
Relationships between subjects in
the Kingdom of God.
Isaiah 11:6-10 (Galatians 3:26-28)
Persecution of the Kingdom of God.
Daniel 7:6-8
Daniel 7:19-25
Power and Endurance of the
Kingdom of God.
Daniel 7:26,27
Amos 9:11
2 Samuel 7:12-14
Daniel 2:44
Kingdom Prophecies in Zechariah
Zechariah 2:10-12
Zechariah 3:8-10
Zechariah 6:9-15
Zechariah 8:1-7
Zechariah 9:10
Zechariah 13:1-3
Zechariah 14: the whole thing!!!
More Prophecies of the Kingdom
Daniel 2:44 In the time of those kings…
Jeremiah 31:31-14 A new covenant and a new kind of relationship
between God and his people.
Isaiah 2:2-4, 11:6-12 The mountain of the Lord’s temple
Joel 2:28-32
In the last days…
Ezekiel 17:22-24 Birds of every kind will nest in it.
Ezekiel 37:24-28 My servant David will be king… prince forever.
Exodus 19:5-6 A kingdom of priests and a holy nation.
From Shadow
to
Reality
Types, prefigures and
foreshadows as evidence for
the inspiration of the Bible
John 5:39-40 You diligently study the
Scriptures because you think that by them
you possess eternal life. These are the
Scriptures that testify about me, yet you
refuse to come to me to have life.
Old Testament like a play….
Old Testament like a mystery….
Foreshadow: An object, event, person or
situation which stands for something similar, but
of greater significance in the future.
Prefigure: A specific thing which stands for
another specific thing similar to it in the future.
Type and Antitype: A person or thing regarded as
the symbol of someone or something which is yet
to appear
Proposed Rules of Interpretation of Types and
Foreshadows
If a New Testament writer says that an Old Testament event or
person is a prefigure/prophecy/foreshadow/type, then it is.
If an Old Testament passage works as a foreshadow/prophecy
prefigure/type both in the general sense and in the details, it almost
certainly is a legitimate example.
If one already knows that a general event in the Old Testament is a
foreshadow/prefigure the one is more safe in assuming that the
details are as well.ost certainly a legitimate example.
Outline
Historical Foreshadows
Prefigures of the Messiah
Types and the Tabernacle/Temple
Old Testament and New Testament Priesthood
The Old Covenant prefigures the New Covenant
Levitical Laws as Prefugures
Festivals as Foreshadows
Messianic Prophecy
Kingdom Prophecy
Historical Foreshadows
1 Corinthians 10:11 These things happened to them as
examples and were written down as warnings for us, on
whom the fulfillment of the ages has come.
A little example: Numbers 21:4-9.
Foreshadows surrounding Abraham
Isaac = children of promise = us
Ishmael = children born in the usual way = Israel
Hagar = Old Covenant = Mt. Sinai = “present
Jerusalem”
Sarah = New Covenant = “the Jerusalem that is
above”
Historical type/antitype in the Exodus
OLD TESTAMENT
TYPE
NEW TESTAMENT
ANTITYPE
SLAVERY IN
EGYPT
LOST, SLAVE TO
SIN
WANDERING IN
THE WILDERNESS
SAVED, BUT
LIVING THE LIFE
OF A DISCIPLE
ENTERING THE
PROMISED LAND
ENTERING
HEAVEN
Prefigures of Jesus Christ
Adam
Melchizedek, Isaac, Joseph
Moses
Joshua
Deborah, Samson, Saul
David
Elijah, Jonah
Daniel, Cyrus
Joshua the priest, Esther
Parallels Between Moses and Jesus
Moses
Jesus
Pharaoh tried to kill him
Herod tried to kill him
Called by God to leave Egypt
Carried out of Egypt
Forty years in the wilderness to
prepare for his ministry
Forty days in the wilderness
to prepare for his ministry
Left his position with the king
of Egypt to dwell with the Jews
Left the right hand of the
Father to life with the Jews
Led Israel out of slavery in Egypt
Leads Spiritual Israel out of sin
Aaron prepared the way
John the Baptist prepared the
way
Baptized Israel in the Red Sea
in order to free them
Commands baptism in water
for freedom from sin
Gave manna in the wilderness
(sort of)
Gives spiritual bread to all who
hunger
Gave water to the people in the
desert
Spoke to God on Mt. Sinai
Gives spiritual water: the
Holy Spirit
Spoke to God on Mt. Hermon
Type/Antitype Relationships in the Tabernacle
ITEM IN TABERNACLE
OR TEMPLE
ANTITYPE IN THE NEW
COVENANT
SCRIPTURE REFERENCE
The tabernacle itself
God dwelling with his
people
The sacrifice of Jesus for
sins
John 14:1-3, John 1:14J. Rev
1:13
The bronze altar
sacrifice
The basin/laver
of
Hebrews 9:14
Baptism
Titus 3:5
The show bread
The bread of life, Jesus
Christ
John 6:48-51
The lampstand
The Holy Spirit
Zechariah 4:1-6
The altar of incense
The prayers of the saints
Revelation 5:8
The blue,
scarlet yarn
purple
and
The heavens, the kingship
of God, the blood of Jesus
The curtain
Separation from God
Matthew 27:51
The ark of the covenant
The presence of God
Psalm 132:7,8
The Mercy Seat
The grace of God
The Cherubim
The angels in heaven
Ezekiel 10:15-22
Model of The Jewish Tabernacle
Hebrews 10:19-20
Type and Antitype in the First and Second Covenants
Prefigure in the Law of moses
Realization in the law of christ
Obedience to physically defined
rules required.
Physical blessings promised.
Obedience to spiritual
principles required.
Spiritual blessings promised.
Ceremonial uncleanness.
Sin and separation from God.
Sacrifice bridges the chasm
between law and effort.
Sealed with the blood of bulls
and goats.
Mediated by a High Priest.
Sacrifice bridges the
between law and effort.
Laws, rules and regulations for
behavior.
Tithing.
Sabbath.
Death.
chasm
Sealed with the blood of Jesus
Christ.
Mediated by THE High Priest,
Jesus Christ.
Behavior based on spiritual
principle and love.
Sacrifice and giving from the
heart.
Come…. I will give you rest.
Relying on Jesus.
Life.
Sacrificial Type and Antitype
Old Testament
Sacrifice
Sweet Savor
Sacrifices
Blood
Sacrifices
New Testament
fulfillment
Scriptures
The Burnt
Offering
Jesus’ and our
devotion to God
Ephesians 5:1,2
Romans 12:1,2
The Grain Offering
Giving back a
contribution to God
Matthew 6:19-21
Romans 8,9
The Drink Offering
Pouring out our life for
God
Luke 22:20
Philippians 2:16
The Fellowship
Offering
Celebrating our
blessings from God
John 10:10
1 Thess 5:16
The Sin Offering
Jesus’ sacrifice for
our sins
1 Peter 1:18,19
2 Corinthians 5:21
The Guilt
Offering
Maintaining a
relationship with
one another
Matthew 5:23,24
First Covenant Festivals as Types
Jewish Festival
Antitype in the Christian Life
Passover (pesach)
The Sacrificial Death of Jesus Christ
Feast of Firstfruits
The Resurrection of Jesus Christ
Feast of Unleavened Bread
Celebrating Being Free of Sin in
Our Lives
Feast of Weeks/Pentecost
(shavoat)
The Giving of the Holy Spirit
and the Initiation of the Church
Feast
of
hashanah)
Trumpets
(rosh
Judgement Day, Jesus Coming
Back
Day of Atonement (yom kippur)
The Day We Were Saved—
Spiritual Birthday
Feast of Booths
(Tabernacles)
Celebrating Life in Fellowship
with God
Questions?
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